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stad and Sophus Bugge have each edited collections of the old popular ballads. Among the more recent poets, the best known are J. Moe, Kjerulf, Schiwe, Bentsen, Schwach, and Sivertson, and the dramatic writers C. P. Riis and R. Olsen. The most distinguished living writer is Björnstjerne Björnson (born in 1832), many of whose tales, such as Arne and Synnøve Solbakken, illustrative of Norwegian peasant life, have been translated into several languages; his other works are the dramas Mellemslagene, Halte Hulda, Kong Sverre (1860), Sigurd Slembe (1862), Sigurd Jorsalafare (1873), and the epic poem Arnljot Gelline (1870). Henrik Ibsen (born in 1828), who has for many years resided in Dresden, has also achieved great success in the dramatic field by his Kjærlighedens Komedie (1862), Kongs-Emnerne (1864), Brand (1867), Hertog Skule, and Keiser og Galilæer (1874); he has likewise written a long poem, Peer Gynt, and a volume of lyrics (1871). Of the writers in the Folkesprog or popular dialect the most noted, besides Aasen, are O. Vinje (died 1870), a poet who united great force with a strong satirical humor; Kristofer Janson, long engaged in efforts for the education of the peasant classes, whose most notable works are Jon Arason (1867), and Sigmund Brestesson (1872), a poem founded on the Færeyinga Saga; and Kristofer Bruun. Sympathetic with the same school is Jonas Lie, whose recent novels Den Fremsynte, Tremasteren, and Lodsen og hans Hustru (1874), tales of the coast fisherman's life, have given their author a wide popularity. Two female writers of fiction, Mrs. Camilla Collett, the sister of Wergeland, and Mrs. Magdalene Thoresen, have published works of merit. The royal Norse academy of sciences, the seat of which is at Drontheim, the university of Christiania, the Norwegian antiquarian society (Oldskriftselskab), and the Selskab for Folkeopløsningens Fremme have each published transactions and series of works distinguished by zeal and learning. The best sources of information concerning Norwegian literature are the Norsk Forfatter-Lexikon (1863), a dictionary of authors, by J. E. Kraft, and La Norvége littéraire (1868), by P. Botten-Hansen.
NORWICH, a town and city, and one of the county seats of New London co., Connecticut, situated at the head of the Thames river, 15 m. from Long Island sound, and 35 m. S. E. of Hartford; pop. in 1860, 14,048; in 1870, 16,653. The town and city are not coëxtensive. The principal portion of the city lies upon the sides and summit of the eminence that rises between the Yantic and Shetucket rivers, which here unite to form the Thames. The business portion is at the base near the water, in the locality formerly known as Chelsea Landing, while the residences are mostly upon the plateau that extends N. from the brow of the hill. The houses are generally white, and, rising in terraces one above the other, can be seen from a considerable distance down the river, whose elevated banks lend additional attraction to the view. The principal public building is the court house, used for town, city, and county purposes. There is a cemetery tastefully laid out, and in the park a monument has been erected to the soldiers of the civil war. West of the Yantic is a portion of the city known as the West Side or West Chelsea. Greeneville, in the N. E. part of the city, on the right bank of the Shetucket, contains one of the largest paper mills in New England. The town extends N. W. of the city, in a pleasant valley surrounded by hills. At the falls of the Yantic, about 1 m. from its entrance into the Thames, the river is compressed into a narrow channel, and rushes over a rocky bed having a perpendicular descent of about 50 ft. The “Falls” in this vicinity is an active manufacturing village.
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Norwich, Conn.
Norwich has railroad communication with the principal points in New England by means of the New London Northern and Norwich and Worcester lines, and is connected with New York by daily lines of steamers. The harbor is commodious, and is accessible by vessels drawing 10 ft. of water. It has an important trade in coal, lumber, West India goods, groceries, and drugs. The capital invested in manufacturing and transportation companies amounts to
