Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/122

110 UMBRIA terton, nearly three miles, and during the heat of the day, when most other birds are silent ; it is a native of the forests of tropical South America. _ . , , , IMBRIV, a country of ancient Italy, boundet N hy Cisalpine Gaul, E. and S. by the Adriatic, Picenum, and the territory of the Sabines, and W by the Tiber, separating it from Etruria. Its principal cities were Ariminum (now Ki- mini), Pisaurum (Pesaro), Fanum Fortunse (Fano), Sena Gallica (Sinigaglia), Narma (Nar- ni), Iguvium (Gubbio), Fulginium (Foligno), and Spoletium (Spoleto). The N. E. part stretched out toward the coast in fertile plains. , 1ft sides the Tiber, the principal rivers were the Rubicon, Ariminus (Marecchia), Pisaurus (*< glia), Metaurus (Metauro), and ^Esis (Esmo), all flowing into the Adriatic, and the Nar (Nera), an affluent of the Tiber. The inhabitants, the Umbri, were one of the most ancient races of the peninsula, and at an early period became the most powerful people of central Italy. Etruria was originally in their possession. The Romans overcame them in 308 B. 0. The bat- tle of Sentinum, 295 B. 0., when the Samnites, Gauls, Etruscans, and Umbrians were defeated by the Romans under Quintus Fabius, is some- times called the battle of Umbria. The name Umbria has been revived in modern times to designate a portion of what was formerly the Papal States, comprised chiefly in the delega- tions of Spoleto and Perugia. It constitutes now a province of the kingdom of Italy, also called Perugia. (See PERUGIA.) 1I3IPQUA, a river of Oregon, which, rising in the Cascade mountains and pursuing a general W. N. W. course, breaks through the Coast range and flows into the Pacific ocean at Ump- qua head, lat. 43 41' 1ST. It has a total length of about 200 m., and is navigable by steamers of light draught to Eoseburg, about 90 m. from its mouth, though more than half this distance is obstructed by rapids. nilUTSIIt. See AMRITSIK. ram. See SLOTH. UNCAS, a North American Indian, sachem of the Mohegan tribe in Connecticut, died about 1682, at a great age. He was originally a war chief of the Pequot nation, but about 1G35 re- volted from the Pequot sachem Sassacus, and gathered a band of Indians who were known by the old title of Mohegans once borne by the Pequots. In May, 1637, he joined the English in the war against the Pequots, and proved a valuable auxiliary, receiving for his services another portion of the Pequot lands. Many of the Pequots were shielded by him from the vengeance of the English when the war was over, and for this he was for a time in partial disgrace with the authorities ; but he was soon received again into so great favor with the whites that several attempts were made by different Indians to assassinate him. Uncas accordingly attacked and reduced Se- quasson, sachem of the Connecticut river, and in 1643 defeated and took the powerful Narra- UNGUICULATA gansett sachem Miantonomoh, whom he finally put to death. He was a brave but tyrannical chief, and frequent complaints were made to the colonial government of his oppression. In 1648 the Mohawks, Pocomtocks, and other tribes made war against Uncas with but little success. He was besieged in 1 657 in his strong- hold on the Connecticut by the Narragnnsett chief Pessacus, and nearly starved out ; but he was relieved at almost the last moment by En- sign Leffingwell, who took in to him at night a canoe laden with supplies. For this act, it is said, Uncas gave to Leffingwell a deed for all the land upon which tho town of Norwich now stands, though that chief afterward sold it to a company. He was characterized in 1674 as "an old and wicked, wilful man, a drunkard, and otherwise very vicious; who hath always been an opposer and underminer of praying to God." He was the ally of the English in all their wars against the Indians. UNG, a N. E. county of Hungary, in the Cis-Tibiscan circle, bordering on Galicia and the counties of Zempln, Szabolcs, and Bereg; area, 1,180 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 130,032, the majority Slavs, and the rest Magyars. The N. part of the county is traversed by thickly wooded branches of the Carpathians, and it is watered by the Ung and the Latorcza. The chief products are rye, oats, wine, and hemp. It contains the mineral springs of Szobrancz. The capital, Ungvar, is situated on the Ung, 85 m. N. N. E. of Debreczin ; pop. in 1870, 11,017. It is the seat of a Unitea Greek bish- op, and has an episcopal seminary and lyceum, a gymnasium, an ancient castle, and mineral springs. IINGER, Franz, a German palaeontologist, born in Styria in 1800, died in Gratz, Feb. 13, 1870. He took his medical degree in Vienna in 1827, and practised as a physician till 1836, when he became professor of botany at Gratz, whence he removed in 1850 to the university of Vienna. His most noteworthy publications are Anato- mie und Physiologic der Pflamen (1855) ; Bo- tanische Streifziige avf dem Gebiete der Cultur- geschichte (1857 et seq.) ; Geologic der europai- schen Waldbaume (1869 et eq.) and Ueber LiescJiTcolben der VorweU (1870). His life has been written by Reyer (Gratz, 1871). I M.IHI L VTA, and Ungulate, terms originally applied by Ray to mammals, according as they possessed claws or hoofs, though Aristotle had made a similar division of quadrupeds, placing among unguicnlates the monkeys, bats, carni- vora, and rodents, and among the ungulates the pachyderms, ruminants, and solipeds (horse). Ray placed among unguiculates the camel, ele- phant, and edentates, as well as those above mentioned; Linnaeus followed Ray in his di- vision of quadrupeds. This system has been variously modified by Cuvier, Swainson, Oken, C. L. Bonaparte, and Owen, the last restricting the nnguiculates to the monkeys and carni- vora, and the ungulates to the onmivora, rn- minants, solipeds, and pachyderms. The un-