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462 WARREN clined to deliver the address on the second an- niversary of the Boston massacre, March 5, 1772, Warren was invited to discharge the duty, and acquitted himself with great ability. In 1775 he again delivered the address, al- though with considerable danger, from the in- creased exasperation between the troops and the citizens. In 1772 he was a member of the committee of correspondence with the several towns in Massachusetts. Later he was a dele- gate to the convention of Suffolk county which met to prevent Gov. Gage from fortifying the southern entrance of Boston. As chairman of the committee appointed to address the governor on the subject, he sent him two pa- pers, both written by himself, which were afterward communicated to the continental congress. Ho was a delegate to the Massachu- setts congress in 1774, and was made president, and also chairman of the committee of public safety. To his energy was in great measure due the successful result of the battle of Lex- ington. On June 14, 1775, the Massachusetts congress commissioned him as major general. When Prescott and Putnam favored the defen- sive occupation of Charlestown heights, he objected because of an insufficiency of ammu- nition for repelling an attack. But when a majority of the council of war determined to fortify Bunker Hill, he resolved to take part. He was warned by El bridge Gerry against the hazard of exposing his person. "I know that I may fall," was the reply, " but where is the man who does not think it glorious and de- lightful to die for his country?" About 2 o'clock ho went to Bunker Hill unattended, and with a musket in his hand. He was offered the command by Putnam and by Col. Prescott, but fought only as a volunteer. He was one of the last to retire from the field, and Major Small of the British army called out to him by name from the redoubt and begged him to sur- render, at the same time commanding his men to cease their fire. As he turned around at the voice a ball struck him in the forehead, killing him instantly. A statue of Gen. War- ren, by Henry Dexter, was unveiled on Bunker Hill, Juno 17, 1857. His life has been written by A. H. Everett in Sparks's " American Bi-' ography," and by Richard Frothingham (Bos- ton, 1865). li. John, an American physician, brother of the preceding, born in Roxbury, Mass., July 27, 1753, died in Boston, April 4, 1815. He graduated at Harvard college in 1771, studied medicine, and began practice in Salem in 1773. He was with the Salem regi- ment in the battle of Lexington, and remained at Cambridge in charge of the wounded. In June he was appointed senior surgeon to. the hospital. He accompanied the army during two years, and was then appointed to the charge of the military hospitals in Boston. He joined the expedition of Gen. Greene to Rhode Island in 1778, and another, against the insurgent Shays in 1786. In 1780 he gave a course of dissections to his colleagues; this led to the establishment of a medical school under his auspices attached to Harvard col- lege, in which he was appointed professor of anatomy. In surgery he introduced many op- erations previously unknown in the country. In 1783 he delivered the first of the series of fourth of July orations in Boston. He pub- lished several addresses and essays, and con- tributed many valuable papers to the "New England Journal of Medicine and Surgery," the " Memoirs " of the American academy, and the ' Communications " of the Massachusetts medical society. III. John Collins, eon of the preceding, born in Boston, Aug. 1, 1778, died there, May 4, 1856. Ho graduated at Harvard college in 1797, studied medicine with his father and in London, Edinburgh, and Paris, and returned to Boston in 1802. In 1806 ho was chosen adjunct professor of anatomy and surgery in Harvard college, and in 1815 suc- ceeded to his father's professorship, and also to his practice. He was one of the founders of the Massachusetts general hospital, of which he was principal surgeon till his death. In 1828 he became associate editor of the " Bos- ton Medical and Surgical Journal." He made a second and a third visit to Europe in 1837 and 1852. In 1846 he was the first person who employed ether in a surgical operation. He was a founder of the McLean asylum for the insane, and was president of the Massachu- setts medical society from 1832 to 1836. Be- sides numerous scientific papers, he published " Diseases of the Heart " (1809) ; a " Compara- tive View of the Sensorial System in Man and Animals" (1822); "Remarks on Dislocation of the Hip Joint" (1826); "Surgical Obser- vations on Tumors" (1837); "Etherization" (1848) ; and " Mastodon Giganteus " (1855). A memoir of Dr. Warren has been published by his brother, Edward Warren, M. D. (2 vols. 8vo, Boston, 1860). IV. Jonathan Mason, son of the preceding, born in Boston in 1811, died there, Aug. 19, 1867. He graduated in the medical department of Harvard university in 1832, studied in Paris and London, and was for 20 years attending surgeon to the Mas- sachusetts general hospital. He published " Surgical Observations, with Cases and Opera- tions" (Boston, 1867). WARREN, Stmnel, an English author, born in Denbighshire, May 23, 1807. He commenced the study of medicine at Edinburgh, but in 1828 entered as a student in the Inner Tem- ple, London, and in 1837 was called to the bar. In 1830-'31 he contributed to " Blackwood's Magazine " " Passages from the Diary of a late Physician," which attracted wide attention and were supposed to be true. His more celebra- ted work, " Ten Thousand a Year," begun in "Blackwood's Magazine" in 1889, is written strongly in the interest of the conservative party in England. It was followed by tho far inferior novel "Now and Then" (1847). In 1851, on the opening of the crystal palace, he published an allegorical poem, "The Lily