Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/593

WESTMORELAND ductions in 1870 were 676,599 bushels of wheat, 43,886 of rye, 1,168,498 of Indian corn, 1,358,- 208 of oats, 148,248 of potatoes, 1,206,845 Ibs. of butter, 178,650 of wool, and 61,495 tons of hay. There were 15,144 horses, 16,349 milch cows, 21,870 other cattle, 47,938 sheep, and 24,372 swine ; 7 manufactories of agricultural implements, 1 of boats, 8 of bricks, 23 of car- riages and wagons, 1 of cars, 1 of rectified coal oil, 6 of iron castings, 2 of paper, 16 of sad- dlery and harness, 9 of woollen goods, 23 flour mills, 31 tanneries, 16 currying establishments, 8 distilleries, 7 planing mills, and 7 saw mills. Capital, Greensburg. II. An E. county of Virginia, separated from Maryland by the Po- tomac, and bounded W. partly by the Rappa- hannock river, occupying a part of the penin- sula called the northern neck ; area, 316 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 7,682, of whom 4,151 were colored. It has a diversified surface, and the soil along the streams is very fertile. This county was the birthplace of George Washing- ton, James Monroe, and Richard Henry Lee. The chief productions in 1870 were 29,896 bushels of wheat, 189,381 of Indian corn, 25,- 585 of oats, 3,497 Ibs. of wool, and 4,245 of tobacco. There were 663 horses, 1,243 milch cows, 2,952 other cattle, 2,057 sheep, and 4,896 swine. Capital, Montross. WESTMORELAND, or Westmorland, a N. county of England, bordering on Cumberland, Dur- ham, Yorkshire, and Lancashire, and More- cambe bay ; area, 783 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 65,005. The surface, except that near the coast, is mountainous ; the Pennine chain stretches across the N. E. part, and curving forms the boundary between Westmoreland and Yorkshire ; while the principal chain of the Cumbrian mountains extends from Helvel- lyn in Cumberland to Bowfell, and sends a spur through the centre of the county. West- moreland is frequently called the lake region of England ; its most celebrated lakes are the Ulleswater, Grasmere, Rydal Water, and Win- dermere on the western border. The principal streams are the Kent, which has a navigable estuary in the county, the Eden, and the Lune. The minerals are graphite, slate, marble, coal, lead, and copper. Cattle and sheep are very numerous, and bacon and ham, geese, and fish from the lakes are largely exported. The Lan- caster canal extends to Kendal in the S. part of the county. Capital, Appleby. WESTMORLAND, a S. E. county of New Brunswick, Canada, bordering on Northum- berland strait, Nova Scotia, and the bay of Fundy ; area, 1,284 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 29,- 335, of whom 11,871 were of English, 9,356 of French, 3,719 of Irish, 3,148 of Scotch, 533 of Dutch, and 457 of German origin or descent. It is drained by the Petitcodiac, which forms part of the S. W. boundary, and by other streams. The surface is diversified with hills and valleys, and is heavily wooded. Much timber is shipped. The Intercolonial railway traverses the county. Capital, Dorchester. WESTPHALIA 5C9 WESTON, a city of Platte co., Missouri, on the Missouri river, and on the Kansas City, St. Joseph, and Council Bluffs railroad, 30 m. N. W. of Kansas City, and 260 m. W. by N. of St. Louis; pop. in 1870, 1,614, of whom 274 were colored; in 1875, about 2,000. It contains two flouring mills, three saw mills, a hemp factory, a furniture factory, a tannery, a large brewery, two wagon factories, a to- bacco warehouse, two banks, a public school, a weekly newspaper, and nine churches. WESTPHALIA (Ger. Westfalen, or WestpJia- leri), a W. province of Prussia, bordering N. W. on Holland, and on the other sides mainly on the province of Hanover and the Rhine prov- ince; area, 7,799 sq. m; pop. in 1871, 1,775,- 175, including 17,000 Jews and 130 Mennonites, the bulk being half Catholic, half Protestant. In the north and northeast are the Weser moun- tains. The mountainous region S. of the Ruhr is called Sauerland ; its highest point, the As- tenberg (about 2,750 ft.), at the sources of the Ruhr and Lenne, connects with the Ederkopf (about 2,350 ft.) at the source of the Eder, and near the N. E. extremity of the Westerwald. The Teutoburg Forest, where Arminius defeated the Roman legions of Varus, is the most cele- brated of the mountain ranges which partly traverse Westphalia, though the battle field is not within the province. The chief rivers, the Weser, Ruhr, Lippe, and Ems, have fertile val- leys. Coal and iron are extensively mined. Grain, fruit, hops, tobacco, and timber are produced in moderate quantities, and flax, potatoes, hemp, and wool abundantly. Cattle, goats, swine, and horses are numerous. West- phalia hams and the bread called Pumpernickel are celebrated, as are also the manufactories of linen, silk, paper, scythes, and needles. The other manufactures include glass, leather, cot- ton, and woollens. The iron and other metal productions are estimated at one fourth of those of all Prussia. The peasantry and small farmers are the principal landed proprietors in the south and west, which are more prosperous than the other regions. Westphalia is divided into the districts of Arnsberg, Minden, and Munster. The most noted towns are Miin- ster, the capital, Minden, Bielefeld, Iserlohn, Dortmund, Paderborn, and Soest. The name Westphalia was at various periods bestowed upon portions of western Germany differing materially in extent and location and in the form of their government. The territory be- tween the Rhine and the Weser is that to which the name properly belongs, and it is said to be derived from the Westphales, an ancient Saxon tribe who inhabited the terri- tory. The duchy of Westphalia originally com- prised chiefly the Sauerland, but was gradually extended over several adjoining ^districts. It was given in 1179 to the archbishop of Cologne as a fief, and remained in the possession of that see till 1802, when it was ceded to Hesse-Darm- stadt, and in 1815-'17 was incorporated with Prussia. The circle of Westphalia comprised