BARNARD.BARNARD.
at Yak' college in IS^H; taught in a grammar sc-1kh>) in Hartford; was tutor in Yale (.-ollege. anil a teacher in the asylum for deaf mutes at Hartford and in the Xew Y'ork institution for the instruction of the deaf and dumb. From 18:57 to 1848 he was professor of mathematics and natural pliilosopliy in the University of AlalNima. and afterwards professor of chemistry. In 1S."»4 he was ordained to the priesthood of the EpiscojKil church, and removed to Alabama, where he was made professor of astronomy and mathematics in the University of Mississippi. Two years later he was elected president and chancellor of the university. Upon the threat- ened outbreak of civil war he went to Labrador to ob.serve the eclipse of the sun, and in 1862 journeyed to the southern hemisphere to carry out astronomical researches. In 1862 he was ai)jK>inted director of the printing and lithograph- ing of the maps and charts of the coast .survey, which office he held until 1864, when he was chosen president of Columl)ia college in New Y'ork city. In 1867 he was United States com- missioner to the Paris exposition, and on his return he published a valuable " Report on Machinery and the Industrial Arts." He was again commissioned to the Paris exposition of l'^78. President Barnard transformed Columbia college into one of the great universities of the United States. The law school, the school of mines, the school of political science, and the Barnard college for women were housed and almost founded through his exertions. The wide range of his scholarship admirably fitted him to sympathize with the many departments of a great university, and in addition to the schools already established by his influence, at the time of his death lie was planning for a school of letters and philosophy. He originated a system of the teaching of the deaf and dumb, and was editor- in-chief of " Jolmson's Cyclopaedia," many articles on the exact sciences and mathematics l>eing from his pen. President Barnard won many scientific honors. He was one of the original inc<jri)orators of, and foreign secretarj' to, the National academy of sciences from 1874 to 1880; l)resident of the American metrological society, also of the American as.sociation for the advance- ment of science, of the Board of experts of the American bureau of mines, of the American institute, and also an honorary correspondent to many foreign scientific as.sociations. In 1855 Jefferson college, Miss., gave him the degree of LL.D.;Y^ale conferred the .same degree in 1859; the Univei^ity of Mississippi gave him the de- gree of S.T.D.. 1861, and in 1872 the University of the state of New York that of L.H.D. He pubhshed a "Treatise on Arithmetic" (1830); oneon " Analytical Grammar " (1836); " Letters
on Collegiate Government '" (1855); " A History
of the United States Coast Survey " (1857);
'•Recent Progress of Science" (1859); "The
Metric System" (1871); " Mono-Metallism, Bi-
Metallism, and International Coinage " (1879);
"Two Papers on Academic Degrees" (1880);
" Imaginary Metrological System of the Great
Pyramid " (1884), and " Theory of Magic Sijuares
and of Magic Cubes," in National academy of
science (1S88). He died in New York city and
is buried in the old cemetery at Sheffield, Mass.
The date of his death is April 27, 1889.
BARNARD, Henry, educator, was born at Hartford, ConB., Jan. 24, 1811. He was edu- cated at the district school, the academj% Munson, Mass., Hopkins grammar school, and at Y'ale college, where he was graduated in 1830 with the degree of A.M. During his last two years at Y'ale he acted as assistant librarian. On leaving college he began to study law, but accept- ing an invitation giv- en by President Day of Y'^ale, took charge of an academy at Wellsboro, Pa. He' did not enjoy teach- ing, and in a few months returned to the law. He was ad- mitted to the bar in 1835, and spent the a^ year 1836 in Europe, /^^,^^ /^^^^i^-^^i^ where he studied the /
educational, social and municipal systems, visited Pestalozzi's school at Y'verdon, and made the acquaintance of Carlyle, Lord Brougham, De Quincey, Wonlsworth, Chalmers, Lockhart, Combe, and other leading men. He returned to the United States late in 1836, and in 1837 was elected to the lower house of the state legislature, holding his seat until 1840. Mr. Barnard was an orator of great power, and his earnest and for- cible speeches were influential in bringing about various reforms in the treatment of criminals and in the care of the insane. In 1838 he was success- ful in amending and obtaining the passage of a bill providing for the better local supervision of schools, which had been defeated in the senate the previous session. This bill provided for a .state board of school commissioners; Mr. Bar nard was made a member of the lx);ird and served as its secretary from 1838 to 1842. He also, during those years, made a tour of the United States, addressed ten state legislatures, and lec- tured and held conferences in every state but Texas, with the object of elevating public senti-
