BARNARD.BARNARD.
BARNARD, John, clergyman, was born in Boston, Ma.ss.. Nnv. 0. 1681. His parents caused liim to be biiptizeil on the day of his birth and e«lucated him for the ministry. He entered Har- vard college in July, 1696, taking his degree in 1700. He studied divinity during his college course, and preached his first sermon in 1699. He began pastoral work as assistant to Dr. Cole- man in Boston. In the spring of 1707 Governor Dudley appointed him chaplain of one of the regi- ments sent to take Port Royal, Nova Scotia, then held bj- the French. In 1709 he sailed for Barba- does and London, and wliile in England had several advantageous proposals to remain, includ- ing a chaplaincy under Lord Wharton, which he did not accept, as he could not subscribe to the thirty-nine articles of the established church. Returning to America he preached from place to place in ^lassachusetts, but did not settle until 1714, when he accepted a call to Marblehead. He was afterwards invited to become pastor at the old Ni)rth church in Boston, but remained at Marblehead until his death. In 1742, during the theological controversy throughout the churches of New England, he declared himself as not in sympathy with Whitefield's extreme Calvinism, and he is credited with being an original Trini- tarian-Congregationalist. Mr. Barnard was a man of scholarly attainments, of eloquence and magnetism, and of purity and beauty of clmrac- ter. Among his published writings are: "A History of the Strange Adventures of Philip Ashton " (172.'5); "A Version of the Psalms" (1752), and many sermons and addresses. He died at Marblehead, Mass., Jan. 24, 1770.
BARNARD, John Gross, soldier, was born at SheflSeld, Mass., May 19, 1815. He was gradu- ated from AVest Point in 1833, and was appointed to duty at Newport, R. I., in the engineer corps with the rank of brevet 2d lieutenant. He was afterwards engaged on fortifications at Pensacola and New Orleans and had attained a captaincy in 1848. During the Mexican war he was constructing engineer, the fortifications of Tampico being built under his direction, and he made the topograpliical maps of the country around the city of Mexico pre- paratory to its capture. For these services he received a Virevet major's commission on May 30, lS-i>i. In the Tehuantepec survey for a railroad across the isthmus in 1850 he acted as chief engineer by app<^>intment of President Fillmore, and in 18-52 he surveyed the mouths of the Mis- sissippi river. In 1^54 he was instructor of practical engineering at the military academy, of which, in 1856, he was made superintendent. He was afterwards given charge of the defences of New York city. In 1858 he was promoted major of engineers. In 1861 he was appointed
chief engineer of defences of Washington and
afterwards of the army of the Potomac, serving
thus until 1864, wlien he was pUiced on General
Grant's staff and given the management of the
engineering department of the entire army.
On March 31, 1863, he was promoted lieutenant-
colonel of engineers, and at the close of the civil
war lie was made colonel of engineers, and bre-
vetted major-general U. S. army "for gallant
and meritorious services in the field. " He .served
as a member of the joint board of army and navy
officers in harbor defences, torpedoes, etc.,
and as senior member of the board of engineers
for fortifications up to the time of his death.
The University of Alabama gave him the degree
of A.M. in 1838, and Yale college conferred upon
him that of LL.D. in 1864. Among his pub-
lished works are: "Survey of the Istlimus of
Tehuantepec" (1852); "Phenomena of the
Gyroscope" (1858); " Dangers and Defences of
New York" (1859); " Notes on Sea- Coast De-
fence" (1861); "The Confederate States of
America and the Battle of Bull Run" (1862);
" Reports of the Engineer and Artillery Opera-
tions of the Army of the Potomac" (1863);
"Eulogy on General Totten " (1866); "Report
on the Defences of Washington " (1871); " The
North Sea Canal of Holland and Improvement of
Navigation from Rotterdam to the Sea";
"Problems of Rotary Motion presented by Gyro-
scope, the Precession of the Equinoxes, and the
Pendulum, " and numerous reports and memoirs.
He died in Detroit, Mich., May 14, 1882.
BARNARD, William Stebbins, entomologist, was born at Canton, III., Feb. 28, 1849. He was educated at Canton high school and University of Michigan, and graduated at Cornell university (BS.) in 1871, and at the University of Jena (Ph.D. ) in 1873 ; also studying at the University of Leipsic. In 1871 he accompanied Agassiz to Brazil as assistant geologist. In 1874 he was teacher and lecturer on protozoa at Cornell university, and at Anderson summer school, Penikese Island. He was professor of natural science in the Mississippi agricultural college, 1874-'75; lecturer on zoology in the Illinois state summer school, 1875; pro- fessor of natural science at the Wisconsin state normal school, 1876-'77; at Oskaloosa college, 1877-"78; zoologist of the Woodruff scientific expedition, 1878; assistant professor of ento- mology, and lecturer on the zoology of inverte- brates at Cornell university, 1879- "81 ; a.ssistant in the entomological division United States de- partment of agriculture, 1881-'86, and professor of natural history, Drake university, 1886- '87. He was the author of a " Catalogue of the Inverte- brates "(1876), and a contributor to the American QiKirtprli/ Microscopical Journal, and the ...4meW- can Naturalist. He died Nov. 13, 1888.
