CAMEEON.
CAMP.
ability, and his bold and A'igorous advocacy of
high tariff, and of John C. Calhoun as a candidate
for the presidency, commanded the attention of
statesmen and politicians everywhere. With in-
creasing fame came increasing profits, and after
five years he had command of sufiicient funds to
enable him to undertake large business opera-
tions, which soon netted him a handsome fortune.
He was cashier of a bank, president of two rail-
road companies, and adjutant-general of the state.
In 1845, upon the resignation of James Bu-
chanan as United States senator, he was elected
to fill the unexpired term, and as senator acted
with the Democratic party. He retired from the
senate, March 3, 1849. In 1854, upon the repeal
of the Missouri compromise bill, Mr. Cameron
left his party and helped to form the People's
party. In 1857 the new party controlled the
state legislature and elected Mr. Cameron to the
senate, to succeed Richard Brodhead. During
his second term he took a conspicuous part in
the discussion of the vital question of the hour,
and he was so i^ronounced in his advocacy of
peace and conciliation that his loyalty to the
Union was at the time questioned. He was
one of the presidential candidates who had a
strong support in the convention of 1860, and he
failed of securing the nomination of vice-presi-
dent on the ticket with Abraham Lincoln,
througli a lack of harmony in the Pennsylvania
delegation. Immediately iipou Mr. Lincoln's
election, Mr. Camei'on was called to a place in
his cabinet, and, resigning his seat in the senate,
March 4, 1861, became secretaiy of war. After
the attack upon Fort Sumter, realizing that war
was inevitable, Secretary Cameron advocated
strenuous war measures, and went so far as to
favor a proclamation of emancipation to all
slaves who would desert their masters and enlist
in the Union army. In this he stood alone
among his associates, and feeling that his useful-
ness would be impaired by their opposition, he
resigned his portfolio in January, 1862, and was
at once appointed by President Lincoln minister
to Russia. In November, 1862, he resigned this
office as well, but during the short term of his
occupancy he had succeeded in enlisting the
friendship of Russia in the Federal cause. He
was a delegate to the Baltimore convention of
1864, and to the Loyalists' Philadelphia conven-
tion of 1866, and he was again returned to the
senate in 1867, succeeding Edgar Cowan. In
1873 he was elected to the senate for the fourth
time. Not being in sympathy with the civil
service policy inaugurated by President Hayes,
and feeling inadequate to the undertaking of a
conflict of such magnitude at his advanced age,
h<^ resigned his seat in 1877, and his son, James
Donald Cameron, was at once elected his succes-
sor. Simon Cameron's control of his party In
his own state was wellnigh absolute, and liis
consummate ability as a political leader was uni-
versally acknowledged. He became known as
the ' ' czar of Pennsylvania politics. ' ' He died at
his home in Lancaster county. Pa. , June 26, 1889.
CAMMERHOFF, John Frederick, Moravian bishop, was born near Magdeburg, Germany, and educated at Jena. He was consecrated a bishop in London Sept. 25, 1746, and shortly afterward came to America, where he assisted Bishop Span- genberg in his work in New York and Pennsyl- vania. He gained many converts among the Indians, by whom he was greatly revered, and the missionary, Zeisberger, says the Indians spoke of him with veneration more than thirty years after his death. Hardships and exertions incident to a journey of sixteen hundred miles, which he made in 1750 on a mission to Onondaga, N. Y., to visit Indians of the Six Nations, resulted in his death, April 28, 1751.
CAMP, David N., educator, was born at Dur- ham, Conn., Oct. 3, 1820; son of Elah and Orit (Lee) Camp. His early life was passed on the farm of his father, when not pursuing his studies. He taught school a few jears, and on the incorporation of the Connecticut state nor- mal school became a teacher in that insti- tution. He was a]) pointed associate principal in 1855, and in 1857 was elected lirincipal and state superintendent of schools. Feeble health forced him to resign in 1866, and he went to Europe, where he visited the education al institutions of Eng- land, Scotland, Ire- land and the conti- nent. While in Paris he was appointed to a professorship in St. John's college, Maryland. He held this position until the establishment of the national bureau of edu- cation, when he resigned to engage in its service under Dr. Henry Barnard, with wliom he had been previously associated in educational work. In 1870 he founded the New Britain seminary, and was its principal until 1880, when failing health again compelled him to give up teaching. He was for several years editor and manager of the Connecticut Common School Journal and the New Britain Herald. From 1877 to 1879 he was mayor of New Britain, represented the town in the general assembly in 1879, and was chairman of the committee on education. He subsequently
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