JACKSON
JACKSON
forcements tljat lie might march against Wash-
ington with an army of 40,000, but as all the
available Confederate troops were needed for the
defence of the Confederate capital, lie was
directed to carry out his plan as far as practica-
ble with his army of 15,000 elective men, and ho
marclied to Harper's J^erry and watched the
approach of Shields from the west toward Front
Royal; while Mc^Dowell and Fremont marched
from opposite directions toward Strasburg, and the
combined forces of Banks and Saxton, now recov-
ered from their retreat, were ready to recross the
Potomac and close in on his retreat. In view of
this situation he withdrew to Strasburg, carrying
his prisoners and stores. He had made thirty-
five miles in a single day and was now confronted
on either side by McDowell and Fremont. He
continued his retreat, and on Sunday night had
marched his heavily laden train, prisoners and
entire army, nearly sixty miles, utterly bewil-
dering his opponents, and further to delay pur-
suit, lie burned the bridges behind him. On
Monday, June 2, he reached Mount Jackson, and
on June 3, Newmarket, where Gen. Turner
Ashby, with all the cavahy, was constituted a
rear guard to keep off Fremont's advance. On
the oth Jackson's entii'e force reached Harrison-
burg. He sent his sick and wounded to Staun-
ton, and on June 6, General Ashby was killed in
a cavalry figlit with Fremont's advance guard
near Port Republic. Jackson fought the battle of
Cross Keys, Sunday, June 8, 18C2, and that of
Port Republic, June 9, and the Federal forces
were put to rout and followed for several miles
by the victorious Confederates. June 14, 1862,
was observed in Jackson's camp at Port Republic
as a day of thanksgiving. This closed the Valley
campaign of 1862, and Jackson was ordered to
Richmond to assist in repelling McClellan's
determined advance. On June 25, he reached
Ashland, and after vexatious delays by reason
of burned bridges, he reached the line of battle
at Mechanicsville late in the afternoon of the
26th, where he reinforced Gen. A. P. Hill's
division, which opened the seven days' battles
around Richmond. On June 27 he gained the
rear of the Federal artillery and forced tiie retreat
of ^IcClellan's army down the Chickahominy
toward Cold Harbor, routing it at every point
until it escaped across the Chickahominy, and
made the James its base. Then came the battle
of White Oak Swamp, June 30, which was inde-
cisive, l)ut on July l,tlie Federal forces withdrew
to Malvern Hill. In the battle that followed
Jackson ably supported Gen. D. H. Hill, and tlio
next morning McClellan was gone from their
front and found refuge under the protection of
the Federal gunboats on the river. This ended
the seven days' battles around Richmond. On
July 19, 1862, Jackson's army, ordered again to
the valley, reached Gordonsville ready to cope
with the army of General Pope, encam]ied at
Culpeper Court House. On Aug. 9, 1862, the
advance guards of the opposing forces met at
Cedar Run, and in the afternoon, after a general
engagement along the entire line, when appar-
ently overpowered by the superior numbers of
the Federal army, Jackson called up the reserves,
drew his own sword, the first time in the war,
and pressing forward .shouted: "Rally, brave
men, and press forward! Your general will lead
you! Jackson will lead you! Follow me! " and
obeying, the faltering line rallied, and swept the
Federals from the field. It was in this battle
that the commander of the Stonewall brigade,
Gen. C. S. Winder, was killed. On August 14, a
thanksgiving service was ordered for the victory
of Cedar Run. On August 13, General Lee began
his march from Richmond to Gordonsville, and
on the 17th McClellan evacuated the Peninsula
and removed his troops to the Potomac. On the
15th Jackson left Gordonsville and encamped
along the Orange railroad at the base of Clark's
mountain, where Lee joined him, and on the 18th
Jackson urged an immediate attack on the Fed-
eral lines and by a flank movement proposed to
cut off the retreat to Washington. On August
19, Pope withdrew so as to place the Rappahan-
nock between the two armies, and on the 20th
the entire Confederate army was in motion and
Jackson was ordered to cross the river high up,
make a forced march to Manassas and gain the
rear of Pope's army, while other divisions were
sent to Pope's front and the opposing armies
marched on either side of the river, conducting
a constant artillery duel as they proceeded.
Meantime Jackson had passed around Pope to
the westward and his coi-ps was halted at Bris-
tow Station between the Federal army and
Washington, entirely cut off from the rest of the
Confederate army. Tiie same night he cap-
tured Pojie's stores at Manassas Junction, where he
found everything his army so badly needed. On
the 27th the Federals commenced the battle, and
on the 28tli Jackson's entire command of 18,000
men was concentrated north of the Warrentom
turnpike, the left wing resting on Bull Run.
The battle was fought between .sunset and nine
P.M., when the Federal forces retired under
cover of the darkness. On the morning of the 29th
Jackson's rigiit flank was attacked by a heavy
cannonade which was promptly replied to and a
general engagement threatened, with the army
of Jackson at great disadvantage in point of
numliers and position. Longstreet soon came to
their relief and the battle continued tlirough the
day till darkness closed the contest and each
army rested on its arms. On the morning of the
