SCHWAN
SCHWATKA
Kunze, missionaries and theologians in Pliiladel-
phia and New York. He was graduated from
Yale. -V.B.. ISSO; A.M., 1S8S ; was a post-graduate
at Yale. ISS6-87 ; at Berlin university, 1887-88,
and at Gottingen university, 1887-89, receiving
from Gottingon t lie degree of Ph.D., 1889. He
was married, Oct. 5, 1893, to Edith A., daughter
of Samuel S. and .Vurelia S. (Crossette) Fisher of
Cincinnati. He w;vs assistant professor of poli-
tical economy at Yale. 1893-98, and in the latter
3'ear was promoted professor of tlie same. He
w.as elected a member of the American and
British Economical associations, and is the author
of : '* History of New York Property Tax," in the
proceedings of the American Economical Associa-
tion (vol. v.. 1890); Revo! lit ion art/ History of
Fort Xiimber Eight, New Haven (1897); TJie Con-
federate States of America ( 1901) ; and articles on
the " History of the Confederate States," in the
Political Science Quarterly (1897). He also con-
tributed editorials to the Yale Review, 1892-1903,
and in 1898 a set of statistics dealing with the
vocations of Yale graduates, 1800-93.
SCHWAN, Theodore, soldier, was born in Hanover, Germany, July 9, 1841 ; son of the Rev. H. C. Schwan. He attended the gym- nasium at Stade, and came to the United States in 1857. He enlisted in the U.S. army as private in the 10th infantry, and was advanced to the position of quartermaster-sergeant and served in the Utali e.xpedition, 1857-58, proceeding from the winter camp at Fort Bridger, where the army suffered great hardships, to the Salt Lake Valley in the spring of 1858. His regiment was ordered east in 1862. and he was promoted 2d lieutenant, Oct. 31. 1863. and 1st lieutenant, April 9, 1864. His services in the Army of the Potomac included the Chaucellorsville and Gettysburg campaigns, and Grant's operations in the Wilderness and at Petersburg. He commanded his regiment at the battle of Sjiring Church and Chapel House. Sep- tember-October, 1864. He was brevetted captain, Dec. 1. 1864. for Chapel House and awarded a gold medal of honor for most distinguished gal- lantry in action at Preble's Farm. Va. , in dragging, at the imminent risk of his own life, a wounded and helpless officer to the rear, thus saving him from death. He was promoted captain, U.S.A., March 14, 1866. and brevetted major, March 2, 1867, for gallant and meritorious services during the civil war : served in Minnesota, Texas and Dakota, 1866-'^6. and was instructor at the Fort Leavenworth School of Application. He was promoted major and assistant-adjutant-general, July 6, ISSH ; lieutenant-colonel. Feb. 19,1805 ; col- onel, May 18, 1898, and atthe beginning of theSpan- ish war. was appointed brigadier-general of volun- teers. May 9. 1898. in command of the 1st division, 4th army corps. He was in camp near Mobile.
Ala., June 4-July 20, 1898, and at Miami, Fla.,
to July 1, 1898, and commanded his regular
brigade, 2d division, 4th army corps, at Tampa,
Fla., to July 23, and at Ponce, Porto Rico, July
31, 1898. He engaged the Spanish troops at
Homiguero, Aug. 8. and at the crossing of the
Rio Tietro, Aug. 13, the last engagement in the war
with Spain, for which he received from General
Miles the niessage : " Commanding General sends
congratulations and thanks. He relies implicitly
on your skill, good judgment and generalship."
He was chief of staff to the commanding general,
8th army corps, and principal assistant to the
military governor of the Philippine Islands, Aug.
10. 1899-April 15, 1900. He commanded an ex-
pedition (Oct. 7-17, 1899) instructed to destroy or
scatter insurgent forces in Cavite province.
Concerning the results accomplished. General
Lawton reported : " In the exercise of good judg-
ment, perseverance and energy General Schwan
has successfully conducted his expedition, through
a country almost impassable for an army at the
most favorable period, during the rainy season
upon which the enemy depended for their safety;
and I recommend that for personal gallantry dis-
played on this occasion, and for the successful
conduct of this difficult expedition he be awarded
a brevet in the regular army." With an army
of 4000 men of all arms he conducted an expedi-
tion to clear the Cavite, Batangas, Laguna and
Tayabas provinces of insurgents, accomplishing
the purpose between Jan. 3, and Feb. 8, 1900, and
permanently occupying twenty-one towns. He
was appointed brigadier-general, U.S.A.. Feb. 2,
1901, and was retired from active service, Feb.
21, 1901.
SCHWATKA, Frederick, explorer, was born in Galena, III.. Sept. 29, 1849. He removed to Oregon with his parents in 1853, attended Wil- lamette university at Salem, Ore., worked as a printer, and in 1867 entered the U.S. Military academy. He was graduated and commissioned 2d lieutenant in the 3d cavalry, June 12, 1871 ; was admitted to the bar. May 5, 1875, and was gradu- ated from Bellevue Hospital Medical col- lege in 1876. He participated in the actions at Tongue
River Heights. June 9. 1876: Rose Bud Hills, June 17, 1876. and Slim Buttes. Sept. 9, 1876. Schwatka heard from Thomas F. Barry, a captain
