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THE BOY TRAVELLERS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE.

Kokan, they took sides with those who would pay the most for their services.

"Down to very recently the whole of Northern Persia was subject to Turcoman raids, and agriculture was carried on under great difficulties.[1]


KIRGHESE RAID ON A HOSTILE TRIBE.

The raids were sometimes carried up to within a hundred miles of Teheran, or about five hundred miles inside the Persian boundary. They were organized months beforehand, and sometimes as many as five or six thou-


  1. In an article in Harper's Magazine for March, 1886, Mr. William Simpson, an English artist and journalist, who went to the Afghan frontier with the Boundary Commission, says it is only within a couple of years that the raiding was brought to an end. He frankly credits Russia with the suppression of the raiding system, and says she deserves the thanks of the civilized world.