140 NIDIYA. District area, or 3£d. per head of the population. There are 5 jails and lock-ups in the District; the average daily jail population in 1883 was 203, or i criminal always in jail to every 9940 of the population. The average annual cost of maintenance per prisoner was £6, 9s. Education has made rapid progress. In 1856–57 there were only 19 Government and aided schools in the District, attended by 1865 pupils. In 1871-72, just prior to the introduction of Sir George Campbell's reforms, which had the effect of including village schools within the State system of education, the number of schools was 253, with 9120 pupils. By 1883 the number of inspected schools had further risen to about 750, and the number of pupils to over 20,000, showing i school to every 4'54 square miles, and 10 pupils to every thousand of the population. These figures exclude the uninspected village schools, and the Church Mission Society's and Zanána Mission schools referred to on a previous page. The Census Report of 1881 returned 26,443 boys and 1046 girls as under instruction, besides 54,472 males and 1726 females able to read and write, but not under instruction. The Government College at Krishnagar was attended in 1883–84 by a daily average of 53 pupils; the total expenditure was £2343 ; the average cost of each pupil was £44, 45. The nuinber of candidates from this college who presented themselves for the First Arts examination of the Calcutta University was 14, of whoin 8 passed. For the B.A. degree, 4 passed in the third division out of 6 candidates examined. The ten municipalities already named had in 1883-84 a gross municipal income of £7553, the expenditure being £6732; average rate of municipal taxation, is. Id. per head of population. Medical Aspects. -— The average monthly and annual rainfall at Krishnagar town, for a period of twenty years ending 1881, is returned as follows:- January, 0'50 inch ; February, 1'16 inches; March, I'og inches ; April, 2.69 inches; May, 6'82 inches; June, 10*19 inches; July, 10'49 inches; August, 11°58 inches; September, 7077 inches; October, 4'60 inches; November, o'38 inch ; and Decenaber, oʻ16 inch. Total annual average, 57°43 inches. In 1882, the total rainfall was 46.93 inches, or 10.50 inches below the average. No thermometrical returns are available, but the average annual mean temperature is about 77° F. Being a low-lying plain dotted over with many swamps, Nadiya suffers much from endemic fever. A very severe outbreak of cpidemic fever occurred in 1864-66. Krishnagar and the neighbouring villages suffered very severely. Another and a more intense outbreak of cpidemic fever caused no less than 66,187 deaths in 1880, and 74,822 in 1881. Besides remittent and intermittent fevers, small-pox, diarrhea, dysentery, and cholera are prevalent in Nadiya. Cattle suffer from ulceration of the hoof, which, though sometimes epidemic, is not generally fatal, and
