NAIVAVAGAR TOU'N. 253 State in person. The Járejas entered Kathiáwár from Cutch, and dispossessed the ancient family of Jetwas (Porbandar), then established at Ghumli. Nawanagar was founded by Jám Ráwal in 1540. The Muhammadans called it Islámnagar, but the Jáms have restored the original name. The Jams are of the same family as the Ráos cf Cutch. The chief of Dhrol State claims to be descended from a brother of Jam Rawal, founder of the Nawánagar line, and Rájkot is also an offshoot from this State. The Jám, in 1807, executed the usual engagements to pay tribute regularly, to keep order in his territory, and not to encroach on his neighbours. The Járeja tribe was, at the beginning of this century, notorious for the systematic murder of female children, to avoid the difficulty and expense of providing them with husbands. Engagements were entered into by the Járeja chiefs in 1812 to abandon this custom; and, under the constant watchfulness of the British officers, it is believed to be now extinct. Nawánagar officially ranks as one of the 'first-class' tributary States of Kathiáwár ; its chief, who is entitled to a salute of u guns, having power to try for capital offences any person except British subjects. The estimated gross revenue for the year ending 1880-81 was £231,851, and for the year 1881-82, 184,237, the decrease being attributed to the fall in the prices of produce, as the State revenue is all levied in kind. The chief pays a tribute of £12,011 jointly to the British Government, the Gáekwár of Baroda, and the Nawab of Junágarh. He maintains a military force of 2303 men. He holds a title authorizing adoption ; and the succession follows the rule of primogeniture. There are at present (1881) 62 schools in the State, with 5095 pupils. No transit dues are levied in the State. There are 23 criminal and 9 civil courts in the State. The State expenditure on useful public works was £12,634 in 1882–83. Nawánagar.-Chief town of Nawánagar State, Káthiáwár, Bombay Presidency; situated in lat. 22° 26' 30" N., and long. 70° 16' 30" E., 310 miles north-west of Bombay, and 5 miles east of the port of Bedi. Population (1881) 39,668, namely, 20,057 males and 19,611 females. Hindus number 24,009; Muhammadans, 12,280; Jains, 3306; Christians, 32; Pársís, 32; and 'others,' 9. Founded by Jám Rával in 1540. The town is almost entirely built of stone, and is surrounded by a fort built in 1788. Nawánagar is a flourishing place, nearly 4 miles in circuit, with a large trade. In the sea, north of the town, are some beds of pearl oysters; but the pearls are of inferior quality, and the fishery appears to be mismanaged. The out-turn realizes about £400 annually. The town is also known for silken and gold embroidery, for incense and perfumed oils, and for the kanku or red powder which is used to make the caste marks on the forehead of Hindus. The average annual value of imports at
