OUDII. 501 habits of past generations still influence the existing race. The number of occupied houses returned by the Census of 1881 was 2,066,113, of which 145,826 were situated in urban localities. The purely agricultural element in the population is returned by the Census of 1881 at 72'59 per cent. This element may be divided into 3 classes— landowners (4 per cent.), cultivators (70 per cent.), and labourers (26 per cent.). Agriculture.—The year is divided into three harvests --the kharif, sown at the commencement of the rains and cut in September; the henti'at or aghiíni, reaped in December; and the rubí, reaped in March. But besides these regular season crops, sugar-cane coines to maturity in February, cotton in May, and sunwin in alınost any month of the year. The principal kharif staples are rice, Indian corn, and millets. Rice grows best on low stiff land, where the water accumulates for considerable periods. Its yield in good localities is returned for 1883 as 768 lbs. per acre. Indian corn thrives on a light soil, raiseil slightly above the floods, and produces from two to four cobs on each stalk. The smaller millets occupy inferior ground, demand less attention, and produce a poorer out-turn. In 1883, the out-turn varied from 879 lbs. in Gonda to 407 lbs. in Sítápur. Fine rice, transplanted in August from nurseries near the village sites, forms the most valuable item of the henzoat harvest. The average yield is at least 20 per cent. higher than that of the autumnal varieties, and the grain is sinaller and better flavoured. Contrary to the rule of the European market, the price varies conversely with the size of the grain, native taste 1 referring the smallest kind. The other henzi'at staples comprise mustard, grown as an oil-seed, together with múg and másh, two sinall species of pulse. Wheat forms the main rabí crop, an average good yield amounting to 634 lbs. per acre over the Prorince. Sugar, which shares with rice, wheat, and oil-seeds a first place among Oudh products, occupies the land for a whole year, being laid down in March, and not cut till the following February. It requires much labour and several waterings, but the result in ordinary years amply repay's the outlay, the produce of a single acre being often sold at over £10. In 1883-84, the average vield was 1371 lbs. per acre. Sugar land in Bara Banki yields 2000 lbs. per acre. The poppy cultivation is extensive, and remunerative to the husbandman. Numerous other crops are grown on small areas, and tobacco and vegetable fields surround the village sites. Land sown with indigo yields an average of 79 lbs. per acre. Hardoi is the richest indigo-growing District. Cotton land yields 53 lbs. per acre, the yield in Pariábgarh amounting to 212 lbs. per acre. The average yield of land laid in oil-seeds is 241 lbs. per acre; and of land laid under tobacco, 550 lbs. In a purely agricultural Province like Oudh, where the absence of rain for eight months in the year precludes the growth
