JUTTRA CITY. 53 at-will, while 1509 acres were rent-free grants made by saminduirs. The principal landed proprietors are the Játs, who are also the best cultivators, and hold 35,512 acres; Bráhmans, 34,869 acres; Rajputs, 27,352 acres; Baniyís, 17,725 acres; Káyasths, 6774 acres; and Muhammadans, 4336 acres. Total Government land revenue (1881-82), £33,322, or including local rates and cesses levied on land, £38,002. Total rental, including rates and cesses, £66,870. In 1884, Muttra tahsil contained (including the District head-quarter courts) 1 civil and 8 criminal courts ; number of police circles (thimis), 10; strength of regular police, 279 nien; village watch or rural police (chaukidiírs), 496. Muttra (Wathuri). — City, municipality, and administrative headquarters of Muttra District, North-Western Provinces; situated in lat. 27° 30' 13" V., and long. 77° 43' 45" E., on the right bank of the Jumna (Jamuna), about 30 miles above Agra. Fa-Hian, the Chinese pilgrim, mentions it as a centre of the Buddhist faith about 400 A.D.; and his successor Hiuen Tsiang, about 650 A.D., also records that it contained 20 Buddhist monasteries and 5 Brahmanical temples. The antiquities of Muttra have been so fully described by Mr. Growse, in his volume entitled Mathuri, that it is unnecessary to do more than refer to them here. The Jamá Masjid is now restored with white plaster, and in part with encaustic tiles. The view from its minarets is very fine. Muttra city rises like a mud fortress from the bank of the Jumina, studded with striking white edifices—the river with its bathing ghots in front. The 'Id-gah or Katra has not been restored ; but its hard red sandstone walls still stand, with the plaster modelling and graceful ornamentation still visible inside. It has been identified with the site of the ancient Buddhist monastery of Upagupta, and narks one of the oldest religious spots in India. It stands on a lofty but ruined platform, commanding a noble view of the surrounding country. The magnificent masonry tank known as the Patara-kund, with high walls and steps rising about fifty feet from the water, is still in good preservation. The water lies about forty to sixty feet below the mounds of ruins which surround it. A fringe of pípal, ním, and banyan trees overtops the masonry walls. Three great flights of stone steps lead down on three sides to the tank; and on the fourth side there is an inclined plane, originally of red sandstone, now replaced in part by bricks, for horses to descend to drink. Muttra contains many relics of the Buddhist faith, and its whole atmosphere breathes the gentle religion of Krishna. The charity of the inhabitants and pilgrims to the animal creation has encouraged swarms of monkeys in the city, and innumerable turtles in the river off the bathing ghéts. The carved façades of the houses in fine white stone and wood, with the richly ornamented houses of the great merchants along the principal streets,
