Through her long life she enjoyed a large share of the esteem and affection of her literary con- temporaries. Her greatest achievement is un- doubtedly the Plays on the Passions, which, though erroneous in conception, are full of noble and impressive poetry, and often display intense dramatic power. The principle upon which Miss Baillie proceeded in the construction of these plays was to take as the subject of each one some passion, like hate, love, fear, or remorse, and to exhibit its influence on a character supposed to be actuated by nothing else. The leading per- sonages of Miss Baillie's plays are, therefore, rather impersonations of certain elements of hu- man nature than genuine human beings. Still, there are scenes, in her tragedies especially, where the interest of the reader is intensely ex- cited by the great art shown in the minute delin- eation of a particular passion, and where he is forced to forget the artificial theory underlying it. The first volume of the Plays on the Pas- sions appeared in 1798, and met with remark- able success. Four years afterwards she pub- lished a second volume; in 1804, Miscel- laneous Plays: in 1812, the third volume of her Plays on the Passions; and in 1836, three vol- umes of dramatic poetry. The most popular, as well as the most powerful of her works, is the tragedy of De Montfort. It was performed in London, Kemble acting for eleven nights the character of the hero. Many of Miss Baillie's minor pieces are very sweet, simple, and beauti- ful; some of them are humorous ballads and poems in the Scottish dialect. Consult: Baillie, Dramatic and Poetical Works (London, 1851); Thackerav-Ritchie, Book of Sibyls (London, 1883).
BAILLIE, Matthew (1761-1823). A Scotch anatomist, born in Lanarkshire. He received his education at the universities of Glasgow and Oxford, and subsequently continued his anatomical studies in London. In 1795 he published a small work entitled The Morbid Anatomy of Some of the Most Important Parts of the Human Body, which contained an account of numerous observations made by his uncle and himself. It had a remarkable influence on the study of medicine, and excited in a greater measure, perhaps, than any other book, a spirit of careful induction among professional men. In 1799 Baillie relinquished his anatomical lectureship, and in 1800, his position at Saint George's Hospital, which he had held for thirteen years. He now devoted himself exclusively to private practice, and after 1810 acted as physician to the King.
BAILLIE, Robert (1599-1662). A Scotch Presbyterian clergyman. He was born at Glasgow, and was educated in its university. In 1622 he was episcopally ordained, but soon after was settled in Kilwinning. In 1640 he was one of the commissioners to go to London to prepare charges against Archbishop Laud. In 1642 he was appointed first professor of divinity at Glasgow; in the next year he sat as a commissioner in the Westminster Assembly of Divines, and there asserted the divine right of presbytery as intolerantly as the churchmen had asserted the divine right of episcopacy. In 1649 he was one of tile delegation sent to Holland to ask Charles II. to accept the covenant and crown of Scotland. In 1661 he was made principal of Glasgow University. He died there in July, 1662. He was one of the most learned and accomplished of the Scotch clergy. His Letters and Journals (1637-62, best edition by David Laing, 3 vols., Edinburgh, 1841-42) is a valuable contribution to knowledge of the times.
BAILLIE-GROH'MAN, William A. (1851—). An English sportsman and author. He was educated in England and on the Continent, had wide experience in the pursuit of big game, and as a rifle-shot won about seventy prizes in America and Europe. His collection of prints and books pertaining to the chase is considered valuable. He was appointed a justice of the peace of British Columbia, and has published Tyrol and the Tyrolese (1876); Sport in the Alps (1896); Sport and Life in North America (1900); and other similar works.
BAILLIE OF JER'VISWOOD, Robert (?-1684). A Scotch patriot and martyr to the cause of civic liberty. He was a native of Lanarkshire and came into prominence in 1676 by opposing the tyranny of the Duke of Lauderdale, the favorite of Charles II., in the illegal arrest of a relative. By means of an antedated warrant, Baillie himself was thrown into prison, and, indignantly refusing to pay the fine inflicted, was kept there four months. After this he was a marked man, and on the discovery of the Rye House Plot was arrested on no stronger evidence than certain letters, really of a non-compromising character, to the leaders of the Puritan party in London. He was kept in prison twenty months, and became seriously ill. At last, in a dying condition, he was brought before the High Court in Edinburgh on a charge of treason, and although no valid evidence was presented to show his complicity in the plot, was adjudged guilty on the morning of December 24, 1684, and barbarously hanged the same afternoon. His bearing throughout was dignified and heroic, and he has been called the 'Scottish Algernon Sidney.' Consult The Tryal and Process of High Treason and Doom of Forfaulture Against Mr. Robert Baillie of Jerviswood, Traitor (London, 1685).
BAILLOT, ba'yo', Pierre Marie François de Sales (1771-1842). A French violinist and composer. He was born at Passy and died at Paris. After receiving his musical education in Paris and Rome, he appeared in public in 1791, and in 1795 became professor of the violin in the Paris Conservatoire, which post he held until his death. He studied harmony and counterpoint under Catel and Cherubini, became a member of Napoleon's private orchestra in 1802, traveled in Russia in 1805-08, and in 1814 organized chamber-music concerts in Paris, which gained him reputation as a quartette-player. In 1815-16 he made a tour in Holland, Belgium, and England, and became a member of the London Philharmonic Society. He was director of the orchestra at the Paris Opera in 1821-31, of the Concerts Spirituels in 1822-24, and of the Royal Orchestra in 1825. Baillot was the last great representative of the classical school of violin-playing in Paris: he was famous as a teacher, and his Méhode du violon, adopted by the Conservatoire, was considered by Fétis one of the best works of its kind. His compositions are difficult, and are almost forgotten. Consult Wasielewski, Die Violine und ihre Meister (Leipzig, 1893).
BAILLY, ba'ye', Antoine Nicola.s (1810 — ). A French architect, born in Paris. After
