made chancellor of his university in 1575. but this did not shield him from the criticisms of his theological opponents. Gregory XIII. confirmed the condemnation in the bull Provisicnis Nostrce, January 28, 1579, and Bajus was obliged a sec- ond time to make explanation. He died at Ivouvain, September 15, 15S0, having earned the repvitation of great learning, pure manners, and singular modesty. He ma3' be regarded as the predecessor of the Jansenists, who inherited his Augustinian view, which was at that time termed Bajanism. His writings, mostly of a polemical nature, were published by Gerberon (2 vols., Cologne, 1696). Consult F. X. Linsen- mann, Michael liajus mid die Grimdleguny des Jansenismus (Tubingen, 1867).
BAJZA, boi'zo, J6zsef (1804-58). A Hun-
garian poet and critic, born at Sziicsi, county
of Heves, January 31, 1804. hen barely
twenty, he began contributing to Kisfaludy's
Aurora, which has been called the cradle of
modern Hungarian poetry, and which Bajza
afterwards edited from 1830 to 1837. He was
also editor of Kritikai Lapok ('Critical Leaves'),
during 1830-30, and of the Atherueum, 1837-43;
and these, together with Toldy's Figyclmezo
( 'Observer' ) , were the principal vehicles of his
thouglitful essays and unsiiaring criticism, which
exerted a strong and beneficent influence upon
the rising Hungarian literature. His poems
(Pesth, 1835) earned him a place among the
best of his country's lyric poets. Through the
publication of a series of foreign plays, and as
director of the National Theatre at Pesth, he also
gave valuable aid to the cultivation of a national
drama. Later, his interests turned largely to
history and bore fruit in an 'Historical Library'
(Tortcneti Kiinyvtiir, 6 vols., Pesth, 1843-45),
containing translations from many excellent for-
eign works; and a compilation from the German,
'The New Plutarch' {Uj PUilarch, Pesth, 1845-
47). After March, 1848, Kossuth appointed him
editor of his semi-official organ, the Eossnth
Uirlapja (May to December). He died March
3, 1858, from a brain disease, which had been
slowly developing for eight years. His Collected
'Works have been edited by Toldy (6 vols., Pesth,
1801).
BAKACS, bo'koch, Tama.s ( ?-1.521). A
Hungarian statesman and prelate, who was born
about the middle of the Fifteenth Century.
Though by birth a peasant, he became secretary
to King Matthias Corvinus. He held various
bishoprics, became Archbishop of Gran, and on
the accession of Ladislaus 11., was made chan-
cellor of the kingdom, and later Cardinal-Pri-
mate of Hungary and Papal legate. He after-
wards preached a crusade against the Turks; but
his array of peasants and vagabonds turned their
arms against the nobility, and a civil war en-
sued, accompanied by great cruelty on both
sides, till it was ended by the rout of the insur-
gents by .John Zfipolya. Bakacs died in 1521,
leaving an innnense fortune.
BAKAIRI, ba-kJi'i-re, or BACCAHIRY. A
detached Caribliean tribe, living about the head-
waters of the Xingu River, Central Brazil,
remarkable for their light complexion and sexual
taboos (q.v.). The men spend most of their time
in assembly houses, which women are forbidden
to enter. A woman, when asked her name, replies
simply, "I am a woman."
BAKALAI, ba-kii'li. A Bantu tribe on the
Ogowe, French Equatorial Africa. They have
been pushed to the w-est by the warlike Fans,
losing their former skill as workers in iron and
copper, and becoming traders. They number
more tlian 100,000. Their religion is Mohamme-
dan; learning is at a standstill. Consult Keane,
Ethnology (Cambridge, 1896), and Deniker,
Races of Man (London, 1900).
BAKAU, ba-kou'. The capital of a district
of the same name in Moldavia, Rumania, on the
Bistritza, 188 miles north of Bucharest, by rail
(Map: Turkey in Europe, F 1). It has a
gymnasium and some trade in agricultural prod-
ucts. Population, in 1899, 14,567, of whom
4000 were Jews.
BAKE, bii'ke, Jan (1787-1864). A dis-
tinguislied Dutch philologist, born at Leyden,
September 1, 1787. He held the professorship
of Greek and Roman literature in the University of Leyden for the long period of forty-two years (1815-57). His first important publication was a valuable contribution to the literature on Posidonius (1810), and this was followed by a learned edition of Cleomedes (1820), in collaboration with Geel, Hamaker, and Peerlamp, he published the Bibliothcca Critica Nova
(1825-31), and, independently, contributed va-
rious classical articles to the Hcholica Bypoin-
nemata (1837-02). He brought out critical edi-
tions of Cicero'.s De Legilius (1842) ; the
rhetorical work of Apsines and of Longinus
(184!)); and Cicero's De Oratore (1863). He
died March 20, 1864.
BAKEI, ba'kel'. A strongly fortified town,
capital of the arrondissement of the same name,
in the French Colony of Senegal, northwest
Africa, on the left bank of the Senegal River,
northwest of Kayes (Map: Africa, C 3). Bakel
has belonged to France since 1820, and was of
great strategic importance in the wars with the
natives. It is an important trading-post and
the meeting-place of caravans from the interior.
The trade is chiefly in dates, rice, beeves, ivory,
and gold dust. During the rainy season it liaa
direct navigation with Saint Louis oh the coast.
Popuhition, in 1897, 3000.
BAK'ER, Sib Benjamin (1840 — ). An emi-
nent British civil engineer, born in England.
He designed the cylindrical ship that trans-
ported Cleopatra's Needle to America ; planned
with Sir John Fowler the great Forth Bridge;
was engaged in other important engineering
works; and wrote extensively on engineering
sulijccts.
BAKER, Edward Dickinson (1811-61). An
American soldier. He was born in England, but came to this country in 1816. He practiced law at Springfield, I11., became prominent in politics, and was a member of the Illinois Legislature from 1837 to 1844, when he was
elected to Congress. He resigned in 1846 to serve in the Mexican War. and conunanded a brigade at the battle of Cerro Gordo. After the war he was again elected to Congress. He
