Cima tie Val Dritta (7275 feet) and the Monte Maggiore (7210 feet), on the southern side, and the Altissinio (G790 ifeet), on the north. It is composed of Jurassic strata, with basaltic intru- sions.
BALD'PATE', or Baldhead. (1) An Ameri-
can white-lieaded duck. See Widgeon. (2)
A kind of domestic pigeon. (3) In the West In-
dies, a dove {Columba leucocephala) . (4) A
fruit-crow (q.v. ).
BALDRIC, bal'drik, or Baudrick (Fr. bau-
drier, from JIGH. balderich, girdle). A band
or sash worn partly as a military and partly as
a heraldic symbol. It passes round the waist as
a girdle, or passes over the left shoulder, and is
brought down obliquely under the right arm. or
is suspended from the right shoulder in such a
way as to sustain a sword, ilany of the eHigies
of knights contain representations of the baldric,
more frequently as a belt than a shoulder-sash.
BALDUNG, biil'diing. Hans (Geijn) (c.1476-
1545). A (ierman painter and engraver, born
at Gmiind, Swabia. He was a con temporary' of
Albert Diirer, by whom he was greatly influenced,
and to wliom, in expression, coloring, and finish,
he was little inferior as a painter. He worked at
Freiburg and in Switzerland, and in 1533 settled
at Strassburg. His masterpiece, a great altar-
piece in eleven panels (1511-16), descriptive of
the life of Christ, is in the cathedral of Freiburg.
His wood engravings are numerous.
BALD'WIN. A city in Douglas County, Kan.,
16 miles south of Lawrence; on the Atchison,
Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad (Map: Kansas,
G 3 ) . It is the seat of Baker University
(M. E.), founded 1858. Near the city is the
battle-field of Black Jack, the scene of the first
bloodshed in the slavery strife, preliminary to
the Civil War. Baldwin was settled in 1853, and
was incorporated about 1858. Its charter pro-
vides for a mavor. elected annually, and a city
council. Population, in 1890, 935; in 1900, 1017.
BALDWIN, Baldouin, or Balduin. The
name of several members of the House of Flanders, wlio reigned as Kings of Jerusalem during the period of the Crusades. Baldwin I. (1058-1118) was King of Jerusalem after 1100. He was the youngest brother of Godfrey de Bouillon (q.v.), Duke of Lower Lorraine, or Brabant. He
took part in the first Crusade, quarreled with
Tancred, retired to Edessa at the request of the
Christian inhabitants of the place, and was soon
after created Count of Kdessa. After the death
of his brother Godfrey, in 1100, he became Pro-
tector of the Holy Se]mlclire and Baron of Jeru-
salem, and immediately assumed the regal title,
which his brother had refused. He was defeated
by an invading force from Egypt in ] 102. He
made some conquests, including Coesarea, Acre,
and Sidon. He died in Egypt. Unlike his
brother Godfrey, Baldwin was worldly and am-
bitious. — Baldwin II. (Baldwin dii Bourg),
cousin of Baldwin I., succeeded the latter as
Count of Edessa, and in 1118 as King of Jeru-
salem, reigning until 1131. During his reign
Tyre was taken, in 1124, with the assistance of
a Venetian fleet, and the Order of the Teni])lars
was instituted. He was held in captivity by the
Turks for six months. He died August 21, 1131,
leaving four daughters. Shortly before his
death he resigned the crown in favor of his son-
in-law, Fulk of Anjou, who reigned till 1142. — .
Baldwin III. (1129-1162), the son and succes-
sor of Fulk of Anjou, was King of Jerusalem
after 1143. He ha,s come down to us in tradi-
tion as a model of crusading chivalry. The
Christians lost Edessa during his reign. He
several times defeated Nureddin, Sultan of
Aleppo. He endeavored to inijirove the external
and internal defenses of his kingdom. Saracens
are said to have served under him, so much was
he respected. He married Theodora, the daugh-
ter of the Greek Emperor Manuel, and died, it
is believed, of poison, at Tripolis, in Syria, February 10, 1162. Ilis reign marked the height of power of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. He was succeeded in tlie (Jovernment by his brother Amalric, or Amaury, who died in 1173. — Baldwin IV., the son and successor of Amalric, surnamed the Leper, reigned till 1183. — B.^ldwin V., a child of • five, the son of Sibylla, sister of Baldwin IV., was then called to "the throne. He died in 1186, a year before .lerusalem was re-
taken by Saladin. Consult: C4ibbon, Decline and
Fall of the lioinan Empire; Cox, History of the
Crusades (New York, 1889); also references
under Crusades.
BALDWIN I. (1171-C.1206). The first Latin
Emperor of Constantinople. He was born at
Valenciennes, the son of Baldwin VIII., Count
of Flanders and Hainault. In 1195 he succeeded
his father as Count of Flanders. In 1200 he appointed his brother Philip to the regency of Hainault and Flanders, and joined the Fourth Crusade. Part of the Crusaders — Baldwin I. among others — were induced to assist the Venetians in reconquering Zara, in Dalmatia, from the King of Hungary. While at Zara the young
Alexius, son of Isaac II., Emperor of Constanti-
nople, asked the assistance of the Crusaders
against his imcle, Alexius Angclus, who had de-
posed and blinded Isaac II., and had usurped the
throne. In return for their aid he promised to
pay the Crusaders a liberal sum of monej-. to
help them recover Palestine, and to efl"ect the
union of the Greek Church with the Roman.
The Crusaders agreed, defeated the usurper's
forces, and restored the rightful emperor: but
when Alexius experienced some dilficulty in car-
rying out his promises they turned their arms
against him. A revolution broke out in the city
at the same time. Alexius the Younger was
murdered, and his father died soon after. Alex-
ius Dueas Murzuflos then usurped the throne, but
was defeated by the Crusaders, and Constanti-
nople was sacked, the Latins and the Venetians
sharing the booty. Baldwin was chosen emperor,
and crowned on Jlay 9, 1204; but he received
oidy about a fourtlv part of the Empire — Con-
stantinople and Thrace — the Venetians obtaining
the greater share of the provinces. A part also
fell to the French adventurers who accompanied
(he expedition, and several provinces remained in
Ihe hands of Greek princes. The capacities of
Baldwin I. were not able to cope with the evils
necessarily attending so anomalous a position.
The Greeks were discontented, and, backed by
Calo-.Tohn, King of Bulgaria, took advantage
of the absence of Baldwin I.'s brother with the
Hower of his troops in Asia, and rose and mas-
sacred the Latins scattered throughout the
towns of Thrace, and made themselves masters
of Adrianople. Baldwin laid siege to the town
with the forces he had at his disposal, but
