and their profession. They are often called in to perform at banquets, marriages, or at entertain- ments of the rich or the noble. Dancing in India is still confined to these professional girls, and is not considered respectable, although with the advance of female education women are now more generally taught to sing as well as to read. The special patroness or protectress of the Deva- dasls is the goddess Eanihha. who belongs to the band of Apsarases, or heavenly nymphs, of In- dra's paradise. Consult Dubois, Hindu ilan- ne.ra. Customs, and Ceremonies (Oxford, 1897) ; and see Daxcing Girl, Nautch.
BAYAMO, ba ya'mo. A town in the Prov-
ince of Santiago, Cuba, 60 miles northwest of the
city of Santiago (Map: Cuba, J 6). It is sit-
uated in a plain on the Rio Bayanio, an affluent
of the Cauto, and is an agricultural and com-
mercial centre, though formerly its importance
was much greater. One of the oldest cities on
the island, Bayamo, was founded in 1514 by Ve-
lasquez. It was prominent in the war of 1868-78,
and during the last insurrection was one of the
strongholds of the insurgents. Pojjulation, in
1899, 3022.
BAYARD, ba'erd, Fr. proii. ba'yar'. The
horse of the four sons of Aymar, famous for his
swiftness and for his power of adjusting the
length of his body to one or several riders. He
appears in Orlando Jnnamorato, Orlando Furioso,
and Tasso's EinaUlo. The name 'Bayard' is used
to designate any spirited or fine horse.
BAYARD, bl'erd, George Dashiell (1835-
02). An American soldier, born at Seneca
Falls, N. Y. He graduated at West Point in
1856, and passed four years in garrison duty on
the frontier. At the outbreak of the Civil War
he was appointed colonel of the First Pennsyl-
vania Cavalry Volunteers. He was soon pro-
moted to be brigadier-general, served in the cam-
paigns of the Shenandoah and the Rappahannock,
and was mortallv wounded at Fredericksburg
(December 13, 1862).
BAYARD, James AsHETON (1767-1815). An
American statesman, born in Philadelphia, Pa.
He was graduated in 1784 at Princeton, began
the practice of law in Delaware, and in 1796 was
elected to the national House of Representatives,
where he achieved a high reputation as an orator
and a leader of the Federalists. When, after the
indecisive Presidential contest of 1800 between
Jefferson and Burr, the duty of election devolved
upon the Hovise, Bayard was prominent in se-
curing the choice of the former. From 1805 to
1813 he was a United States Senator. He de-
clined the ministry to France in 1801, and that
to Russia in 1814." In the latter year he was a
member of the commission which negotiated with
Great Britain the Treaty of Ghent.
BAYARD, James Asheton (1799-1880). An
American lawyer and legislator, son of James
Asheton Bayard. He was born in Wilmington,
Del., studied law, and attained considerable
eminence at the bar. He served in the United
States Senate as a Democrat during the years
1851-64 and 1867-69, for a considerable part
of which time he was chairman of the judiciary
committee.
BAYARD, ba'yiir', Jeanx François Alfred
(179(l-lS.i3 ). A French dramatist. He was born
at Cbarnlles. Saone-et-Loirc, and studied law, bxit
in 1828 turned to dramatic composition. In col-
laboration with Scribe and others he wrote more
than 200 plays, including La perle des maris and
Leffamin de Paris. His collected works appeared
in 12 vols. (1855-59).
BAYARD, bl'erd, Joii^- (1738-1807). An
American patriot, born at Bohemia ilanor, Md.
He became a prominent merchant of Philadel-
phia, was a member of the provincial congresses
of 1774 and 1775; in 1776 was appointed by the
Constitutional Convention a member of the Coun-
cil of Safety, and in 1776-77 served in the Ameri-
can Army as colonel of infantry. He was Speaker
of the Pennsylvania House of Assembly in 1777
and 177S, and was elected in 1785 to the Conti-
nental Congress. During the Revolution he as-
sisted in furnishing arms to Congress, and in fit-
ting out a privateer.
BAYARD, ba'yar'. Pierre du Terrail (1476-
1524 1. A French knight, the elicralicr sans
peur ct sans reproche, without a rival the model
of chivalric virtue, and one of the few mediieval
knights whose virtues can stand the tests of mod-
en;, culture. Though his activity was chiefly
military, he cultivated all the gentler virtues,
yet was equaled b.y none in courage and intrepid-
ity. Three French kings profited by his loyal
devotion — Charles VIII., Louis XII., and Francis
I. Italians, Spaniards, and Englishmen on in-
numerable occasions suffered by his remarkable
exploits, but they honored as nmcli as they feared
him. At the Garigliano (1503), Bayard defend-
ed the bridge alone, against a whole detachment
of the victorious armv of Gonsalvo de Cordova.
At Guinegate, in the "Battle of the Spurs' ( 1513)
he performed an equal feat of valor. At Mari-
gnano (1515), Bayard gained a brilliant vic-
tory over the Swiss auxiliaries of the Duke of
Milan. Upon the battle-field, his elated King
(Francis I.) bowed to receive knighthood from
the hero of this 'Battle of the Giants.' In 1521
Bayard defended ilc'zieres against Charles V..
prevented an invasion which France could hardly
have resisted, and on his return to Paris was
hailed as the savior of his coimtry. He was
given command, in his o«ai name, of a company
of 100 loiights — an honor usually accorded only
to princes of the blood i-oval. He fell in the bat-
tle of the Sesia. April 30, 1524. While dying lir
fell into the hands of the Spaniards. among whom
was the Constable of Bourbon, his last utterance
to whom has become famous: "Jly lord, I thanl<
you; but pity is not for me, who die a true man,
serving my King; pity is for you, who bear
arms against your prince, your country, and
your oath." The Spanish vied with the French in
the honors paid to his remains and his memory.
His life was written soon after by S^nnphorieu
Champier. his 'loyal servant.' Consult Saint
.lban. Berville, and others, Le Chevalier Bayard.
trans, and ed. by E. Walford (London, 1867).
BAYARD, bl'erd, Thomas Francis (1828-98). An American statesman and diplomatist. He was born on October 9, 1828, in Wilmington, Del., attended a private school in Flushing, L. I., and for some time was a clerk in a New York commercial house, but returned to Wilmington (1848), studied law with his
father (J. A. Bayard), and was admitted to the bar in 1851. In 1861 both he and his father, though strongly opposed to secession, were also opposed to coercion, and publicly denounced the
