Institute. He has successively occupied the chair of archæology at Göttingen (1868), Zurich, Munich, Prague, and Vienna, where he became director of the Archæological Institute in 1898. He was a member of the archæological expeditions to Samothrace (1875) and Asia Minor (1881-82). Among his numerous works are the following: Die antiken Bildwerke des lateranensischen Museums (in collaboration with R. Schöne, 1867); Antike Gesichtshelme und Sepulkralmasken (1878); Reisen im südwestlichen Kleinasien (1884); Reisen in Lykien und Karien (1884).
BENNET, Elizabeth. A character in Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice. Her pride compels her to refuse Mr. Darcy's offer of marriage, at first; but later, his perseverance overcomes her prejudice. Consult W. D. Howells's Heroines of Fiction (1901).
BENNET, Henry, Earl of Arlington (1618–85). An English statesman in the reign of Charles II. In the beginning of the Civil War he was under secretary to Lord Digby, and afterwards volunteered in the royal cause, and did good service, especially at Andover, where he was wounded. He was made secretary to the Duke of York; was knighted by Charles at Bruges in 1658, and was sent as envoy to the Court of Spain. After the Restoration he was made keeper of the privy purse and principal Secretary of State. In 1670 he became a member of the famous 'Cabal,' and was one of those who advised the closing of the exchequer. In 1672 he was made Earl of Arlington and Viscount Thetford, and soon afterwards a Knight of the Garter. His Letters to Sir William Temple were published posthumously.
BEN'NETT, Alfred Allen (1850—). An American chemist, born at Milford, N.H. He graduated at the University of Michigan in 1877, and took the degrees B.Sc. and M.Sc. at the same institution ten years later. He has been professor of chemistry and physics at the Iowa Wesleyan University and the University of Chicago. In 1885 he was appointed professor of chemistry in the Iowa State College. He has written Inorganic Chemistry, 2 vols. (1895), and several articles for scientific publications.
BENNETT, Alfred William (1833-1902). An English botanist, born at Clapham. He studied at University College, London, and was appointed examiner in botany to the University of Wales. Subsequently he became lecturer on Botany at Saint Thomas's Hospital, London. He was at one time vice-president of the Linnæan Society. His publications include a Handbook of Cryptogamic Botany (with G. Murray, 1880), and Flora of the Alps (1896).
BENNETT, Charles Edwin (1858—). An American classical philologist, born in Providence, R.I., April 6, 1858; A.B. Brown University, 1878; professor of Latin, University of Wisconsin, 1889-91; of classical philology. Brown University, 1891-92; of Latin, Cornell University, 1892. Author of A Latin Grammar and Appendix (1895); Latin Composition (1895); Foundations of Latin (1898); joint author of the Teaching of Greek and Latin in Secondary Schools (1898); editor of various classical authors; and contributor to philological journals.
BENNETT, Charles Wesley (1828-91). An American scholar and educator, born at East Bethany, N.Y. He graduated in 1852 at Wesleyan University, and in 1856 became principal of the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, at Lima, N.Y. In 1860 he was appointed superintendent of public schools in Schenectady, N.Y., and in 1861 became principal of the Louisville (N.Y.) Academy. He was ordained to the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1862. From 1866 to 1869 he traveled and studied at the University of Berlin, and in 1871 was called to the chair of history and logic in Syracuse University. From 1885 until his death he was professor of historical theology in the Garrett Biblical Institute, Evanston, Ill. He published a Digest of the Laws and Resolutions of Congress Relative to Pensions, Bounty-lands, etc. (1854); a History of the Philosophy of Pædagogics (1877); National Education in Italy, France, Germany, etc. (1878); and Christian Archæology (1888).
BENNETT, Edward H. (1837—). An Irish surgeon, born in Cork. He graduated at Trinity College, Dublin, and was appointed professor of surgery in the University of Dublin in 1873. In 1897-1900 he was president of the Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland. He has published Ankylosis of the Hip (1874); Fractures of the Rib (1878); and other surgical works.
BENNETT, James Gordon (1795-1872). An American journalist, born at New Mill, Banffshire, Scotland. He studied for the Roman Catholic priesthood at the seminary of Aberdeen, and in 1819 emigrated to Halifax, N.S. Thence, after a brief and highly unsuccessful career as an instructor in bookkeeping, he proceeded to Boston, where he became a proofreader in the establishment of Wells and Lily, then publishers of the North American Review. In 1822 he was appointed Spanish translator and general assistant in the office of the Charleston (S.C.) Courier. Subsequently he appears as a paragraphist in New York, and in 1828-32 as Washington correspondent of the Enquirer. For thirty days, in 1832, he published the Globe, and in 1833-34 was part owner and principal editor of the Philadelphia Pennsylvanian. Through both journals he was a vigorous partisan of Jackson and Van Buren, by whom he was totally and irritatingly ignored. On May 6, 1835, from a cellar at No. 20 Wall Street, he issued the first number of the New York Herald—a lively little sheet of four four-column pages. On June 13 he included in the Herald the first Wall Street financial article printed in any newspaper in the United States, and in December introduced modern American reportorial methods by his graphic accounts of the great fire, to which were added a picture of the burning Exchange, and a map of the devastated district. He obtained the transmission by telegraph of the first speech ever thus reported in full—that of Calhoun on the Mexican War. He wrote trenchant, often cynical, editorials, which made enemies for the writer, but increased the circulation of his paper. But his chief aim was the collection and dissemination of contemporaneous intelligence, in illustration of which may be cited the fact that during the Civil War he maintained an extra staff of 63 correspondents at an expense for four years of $525,000. At the time of his death the profits of the Herald were estimated at not far from $750,000
