bility of identification becomes of vast impor-
tance. Tliat local institutions, police courts, etc.,
should keep such records is, however, not
enough. Efforts are now being made to linve
the jfational Government establish a central
bureau for the collection of all the signahnents of
the criminals of the country. If the various
nations adopted such a plan, the criminal would
not escape detection by changing his abode. The
discovery of the identity of the assassin of King
Humbert through the Bertillon system is a strik-
ing proof of its utility. Penologists claim that
the influx of foreign criminals in the United
States in recent years is partly due to the adop-
tion of the Bertillon system in European coun-
tries. It is stated that the larger proportion of
the graver crimes are committed by persons not
resident in the locality. Consult: A. Bertillon,
Ideiitification anthropomftrique (Paris, 1893) ;
The Bertillon .S'l/s'cjii of Identification, R. W.
McClaughry, Editor (Chicago, 1806) ; Boies, The
Science of Penology (New York, 1901).
BERTIN, bar'taN', Antoine (1752-90). A French poet, born on the Isle of Bourbon. He liecame a protoge of Marie Antoinette and of the Count of Artois, and was styled by his contempo- raries 'the French Propertius.' Toward the close of 1789 he undertook a journey to San Do- mingo, where he died on the day of his marriage to a young Creole girl, to whom he had long been attached. The latest complete edition of his works, containing his elegies, love poems, the famous Voyage de Bourgogne, etc., was published in Paris in 1879, under the title of Poesies et ceuvres diverses.
BERTIN, Louise AngiSltque (1805-77). A French poet and composer, a daughter of Louis F. Bertin. She was born at Les Roches, near Bifevres, and cultivated successively painting, poetry, and music. She wrote the operas fiuy Munnering, Le Loupgarou (Opfra Comique, 1827), which was well received; Faust (Italiens, 1881); and Esmeralda (text by Victor Hugo, Grand Opera, 18.36). According to Halevj-, she had "an abundance of ideas and often revealed a rare power of expression." Two volumes of poems from her pen, respectively entitled Les Glanes (1842) and Nouvelles Glanes (1876), were pub- lislied. The former collection received the prize of the Academy.
BERTIN, Louis Fk.'IKcois (1766-1841). A French jcuirnalist known as Bertin AIne. He was born in Paris, began writing for the press in 1793, and in 1800, with his brother (also called Louis Francois) assumed the management of the Journal des Debats, founded in 1789 by Gaultier de Biauzat. Bertin's Royalist principles offended Napoleon, and caused his banishment to Elba. With great difficulty he obtained permission to live in Italy until 1804, when he returned to Paris and resumed the editorship of the Debats, but was much hampered by Napoleon, who im- posed on the paper the title of Journal de I'Em- pire, and by subjecting it to police revision, gave it almost an official character. When Bertin, in 1814, became free to follow his own bent, the journal reverted to its Royalist principles. Dur- ing the Hundred Days it fell into other hands, till the return of the Bourbons restored it once more to Bertin, who, in the meantime, had taken part in the Moniteur de (land. Though he did not join in the protest of the Liberal journals against the ordonnances, he gave his adhesion to the .Inly Monarcliy, and cpntinued faithfully to support it.
BERTIN, Nicolas (c.1668-1730) . A French painter. He was born in Paris and received his artistic training under his brother, the Court sculptor of Louis XIV., and afterwards under Vernansalle, .Jouvenet, and BouUongne. In 1685 he obtained the grand prize for the picture en- titled "The Building of the Ark." His picture "Prometheus Liberated by Hercules" (Louvre) won him a membership at the Academy (1705), at which institution he became professor in 1715 and adjunct rector in 1733. His numerous paint- ings, which may be found in the galleries of Tou- louse, Orleans, Antwerp, Amsterdam, Dresden, Stockholm, and Saint Petersburg, include: "Saint Philip Baptizing the Eunuch;" "Chastity of Jo- seph;" "Susanna at the Bath;" "Man with the Gourd;" "(Jardener and the Bear."
BERTINI, ber-te'ne, Giuseppe (1825-98). An Italian painter, bom in Milan, where he at- tended the Academy of Art. In 1845 he received the grand prize awarded by the Academy for the best historical picture. Of his paintings "on glass, that representing Dante and the Divine Comedy, exhibited in London in 1853, and bought by sub- scription for the Ambrosian Library, is consid- ered especially fine. He was appointed professor of painting at the Milan Academy in 1860. His other pictures include: "The Vision of Saint Francis of Assisi" (Santa Babila, Milan), "The Death of Saint Joseph" (Parochial Church of Palermo), "Torquato Tasso Introduced to the Duke of Ferrara."
BERTINI, Henri JfiRdiiE (1798-1876). A painist and composer, born in London. He played in public at the age of twelve, and stud- ied composition in Paris, where, from 1821 on, he devoted himself to teaching with signal success. In 1856 he retired to Meylan, France, where he lived in seclusion until his death. He is remembered for his valuable studies for the pianoforte in 29 sets, which have been edited by Hans von Bulow.
BERTOL'DO. The hero of a popular Six- teentli-Century comic romance, by Julio Cesare Croce, entitled Vita di Bertoldo. He is a peasant whom nothing astonishes.
BERTOLONI, ber'to-lo'ne, Antonio (1775- 1869). An Italian botanist. He was born at Sarzana, Liguria, and studied medicine and bot- any at the University of Pavia. He became pro- fessor of physics at the Imperial Lvceum of Genoa in 1811, and remained there until 1816, when he was appointed to the same position at the University of Bologna. In addition to his prineii)al work, Flora Italica (10 vols., Bologna, 1833-54), and its continuation, Flora Italica Cry- togama (1858-62), he wrote the following: Prw- lectiones rei herbariw (1827); Miscellanea bo- tanica (1842-63); and Piante nuove asiatiche (1864-65).
BERTON, bar'tSN', Pierre Montan (1727- 1780). A French musician. He was born in Paris, and at the age of 12 composed several motets, which were performed at the Cathedral of Senlis. He afterwards became church organist and musical director at the Theatre of Bordeaux. Upon the death of Boyer, in 1755, he was called to Paris as director of the Royal Opera, where he contributed largely to the successful performance of the works of Gluck (q.v.) and Piccini. He
