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HOBOKEN. 118 HOCCLEVE. TliiiiKvalla stcaiiisliip lines, and of the Delaware, Laeka«!iniia and Western liiiilroad (Map: New .Jersey, U 2.) The city lies at the base of the rali»adc3, the principal streets running north and south, parallel to the river. In the eastern section rises a hill. The site of Stevens Insti- tute of Tcchnologj- (q.v. ) i.s fronted by Hud- son Park. In the latter is a soldiers' monument; and in Church Square Park are situated the pul)lie library and a tiremen's monument. Saint -Mary's Hospital is a notewortliy structure. Ilo- bokeu is a preat .shipping place for coal. The most important manufactures comprise foundry and macliinc-sluip products, lead pencils, leather goods, silk, wallpaper, and caskets. The gov- ernment is administered by a mayor, elected every two years, who appoints assessors, and school, health, tire, and library commissioners, and, with the consent of the council, i)olicc commissioners, of which board he is the presi- dent. The council is unicameral and elects the city clerk and assistants, and inspectors. All other administrative ollicials are chosen by popular vote. The municipal income and ex- penditures annually amount to abimt .$1,010,- 000 and .$1,810,000," respectively, the main items of exiK^nse being $75,000 for the tire depart- ment, $115,000 for the police department, $150,- 000 for operation of the water-works, and $175,- 000 for schools. Population, in 1870, 20,'2!)7 ; in 1890, 43,048; in 1000, 50.304. including 21,400 persons of foreign birth and 100 of negro descent. The land on which Hoboken stands was part of the patroonship granted to Jlichael Pauw in 1630, and was then called Hobocan Hacking, 'the land (if the tobacco-pijie,' in allusion to the fact that Indians carved pipes from a kind of stone found here. A house was built about 1G40 by Arcnill Tcunisson Van Putten. and a straggling settlement grew tip; but the present city really dates from 180}, when .lolin Stevens, 'the founder of Hoboken,' bought the land and laid out a town. During the first quarter of the nineteenth century the Elysian Fields in Hoboken were the favorite pleasure resort for Xew Yorkers, and became noted as the meeting-place of Federalist politicians. Hoboken was incorporated as n town in 1849, its population then being about 2000, and in 1855, with a population of about G700, it was chartered as a city. In 1900 a fire at the Avharves of the North German Lloyd Steamship Company caused the loss of about 200 lives, and destroyed property, including three steamers, valued "at $5,000,000. Consult Win- field, History of the County of Hudson (New York, 1874). HOB'SOKf, .ToiiN Atki.n-.son (1858—). An Knglish educator and author, born at Derby. He was educated at Lincoln College, Oxford : from 1880 to 1887 was classical master in schools nt Faversham (Kent) and Kxeter, and from 1887 to 1897 was lecturer in English literature and economics for the University Extension Delegacy and the London Society for the Exten- sion of University Teaching. From the time of the appearance of his ProhJems of Poverty (1891, No. 2 in the "Social Questions of Today" series) he became known as one of the more prominent British economists of the recent school, and a ver' eflTeclive writer. His other publications include: The Physiology of Industry: Being an Exposure of Certain Fallacies in Existing Theories of Economics (1880; with A. F. Mum- mery) ; The Evolution of Modern Capilatisnv (1894) ; Cooperative Labour upon the Lund, and Other Papers (1895); The Problem of the Un- employed: an Enquiry and an Economic Policy (1890); John Uuskiii, Social Reformer (1898), a very careful and interesting analytical treatise in vindication of Kuskin's liumanization of political economy, and containing aNo valmible accounts of the industrial experiments furthered and directed by Kuskin; The War in South Africa: Its Causes and Effects (1900); The Economics of Distribution (1900), an important attempt to reconcile and syslematiz*' the various theories of price and value; Capitalism and Im- perialism in South Africa (1900; a monograph reprinted from the Contemporary Ifrvieu) ; The Psychulojiy of Jingoism (1901) ; and The Social Problem; Life and Worl: (1901), in which ho develops socialistic theories to the extent of maintaining the necessity of the acquisition of monopolies by municipalities, commonwealths, or nations. He also contributed extensively to tech- nical and popular reviews. HOBSON, Richmond Pearson (1870—). An .American naval constructor, born in Crcensboro, Ala. Ho entered the Southern University in 1882, but three years afterwards accepted an appointment to the United States Naval Acad- emy, where he graduated in 18S0, and then took a j)Ost graduate course at the Ecole Nationalo Su])(ricMre dcs Mines and the Ecole d'Ajiplica- tion du tienie ilaritime, in Paris. He served on various naval stations and at the New York and the Newport News navy-yards, and in 1897 ho was ordered to Annapolis to organize a post- graduate course for those oilicers who intended to enter the construction corps. During the war with Spain he was present at the bombardment of Matanzas, and took part in the ex|K'dition against San .luan de Puerto Rico; but his great achievement was the sinking of the collier Mer- rimac across the entrance to Santiago Harbor before daylight, on June 3, 1898, in order to 'bottle up' Cervera's fleet. He did not succeed in accomplishing the desired result, but the dar- ing of the exploit made popular heroes of all concerned in it. After the war he raised and re- fitted several of the Spanisli war-ships which had been sunk in Culian and Philipjiine waters, lie resigned from the Navy in 1903. Among his ]mlilications are The Disappearing Oun Afloat, and The Sinking of the Mcrriinac. HOBSON'S CHOICE, A term used to signify that a person must take what is olTered or go without, i.e. 'This or none.' The phrase arose at Cambridge, in Milton's time, where one Tobias Hobson kept stables and used to let out horses to the students. Every customer was courteously given his choice of horses, but he invariably found that he was obliged to take the horse which happiiicd to be ncarot the door or go without. HOCCLEVE,. ir OCCLEVE, TiroM.s (1370?- 1450?). An English poet. Concerning his life very little is known. For twenty-four years he was clerk in the Pri'y Seal Office. Londim. His principal work. T)r Pegimine Principum (Con- cerning the Duties of Kings), mainly a digest of a Latin treatise under the same title by .Egidius Colonna, consists of 5488 lines in Chaucer's seven-line stanza. In the prologue, which com- prises about a third of the work, Iloccleve men-