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HOCCLEVE. 119 HOCKDAY. tions some incidents of liis life. He says lie was poor anil liis pension not paid; and laments the death of Chaucer, who is called the "lloure of eloquence." The rest of the long poem is de- voted mainly to moral rcllections on the manners of the time. On the margin of one of the MSS. lloccleve drew in colors the well-known portrait of Chaucer, his 'maister dere.' Hoccleve also wrote several other ]H)ems. among which is the beautiful orison to the Virgin, beginning "Mother of Cod and Virgin undcfouled." This last poem mav be only a copy from Chaucer. Consult Works, ed. F. J. Fun'iivall for the Early English Text .Society (London. 1892-97). HOC'CO (native name in Guiana). A native name applied by Hullon to curassows in general, but apparently applicable and now restricted especially to the Mexican species (Crax alecior), also called 'royal pheasant' by the Mexicans. Consult Sumichrast, "Native Birds . of Vera Cruz," in Memoirs of the Boston Society of Xntiiral History, vol. i., pt. iv. (Boston, 18G9). See CuRAssow. HOCHBERG, hdclierK, Bolko, Count von (1843 — ). A German patron of music and dra- matic composer, whose earlier music appeared under the pseudonym 'J. H. Franz.' He was born at Castle Fiirstenstem, in .Silesia; studied law at Bonn and Berlin, and soon gave up the diplomatic service to devote himself to music. Hochberg founded in 1870 the .Silesian musical festivals, to the success of which he gi-eatly contributed. In 1880 he was appointed general superintendent of the Court theatre of Berlin, and in 1897 he was made an hereditary member of the Prussian House of Lords. Besides -symphonies, songs, and string cpiartets, he composed Claudiiw von Villa- hclla (1804) and Oer ^Yanvo1f (1876). HOCHE, 6sh, Lazare (1768-97). A general of the French Revolution. He was bom June 25, 1708, at Montreuil, near Versailles. In 1784 he entered the Army, but joined the National Guard at Paris in 1792 as a sergeant of grenadiers. Ow- ing to his military experience and soldierly quali- ties, he rapidly obtained promotion. In 1793, after distinguishing himself un<ler Levencur, he was made Adjutant-General of the Army of the North. Some hasty words, caused by the arrest of his chief, Loveneur, brought about Hoche's arrest, but he was acquitted by the revolutionary tri- bunal at Douai and restored to his command, and aided Souham in the defense of Dunkirk. Hav- ing succeeded in repulsing the Duke of York, Hoche was made a general of division and given the command of the French forces on the Moselle, and in spite of the numerical su- l)eriority of the enemy succeeded in driving the Austrians out of Alsace, after defeating them at Wcissenburg (December 26, 179.3). His im- portant services were recpiited, however, by sus- picion and arrest, and had it not been for the downfall of Robespierre Hoche would probably have jjerished on the guillotine. On being set at liberty he received the command of the army oper- ating in the west, and completely defeated the Pmign' army of invasion near Quiberon Bay in July. 179,5. He was next intrusted with the task of suppressing the royalist revolt in La Vendee, and at the head of an army of 109,000 men succeeded in pacifying the country in less than a year. In December, 1790, he commanded the army destined for the invasion of Ireland, but adverse condi- tions of wind and weather scattered his ships and made the expedition a failure, though a part of the fleet succeeded in reaching the Irish coast. Hoche was then made commander of the Army of the iSambre and Meuse, and in the spring of 1797 won several victories over the Austrians. The preliminaries of Leoben put an end to his activity, and on .September 19, 1797, he died very suddenly at his camp at Wetzlar, thovigh not by poison, as some have suppcsed. There are nu- ' merous biographies of Hoche, the best being: Desprcz, Lazare Hoche, d'apris sa correspondence (Paris, 1858) ; Dutemple, Vie politique et viili- taire dit general Hoche (Paris, 1879) ; Font- Reaulx, Le gfniral Hoche (Paris, 1890) : Grif- fiths, French lievolutionary Generals (London, 1891). HOCHKIRCH^ hoG'keric, or HOCHKIR- CHEN. A village in the District of Bautzen, in iSaxony. It was the scene of a battle between the Austrians and Prussians (October 14, 1758) dur- ing the Seven Years' War. Frederick the Great of Prussia, with an army 30,000 to 40,000 strong, having taken up an almost untenable position at Hochkirch, was surpri-sed in the night-time, un- der cover of a thick fog, by Marshal Daun, with 65,000 Austrians, and compelled to retire to the heights of Drehsa. Here he was again attacked by the Duke of Aremberg, and after a conflict of five hours' duration, again retired. He lost 9000 men killed and wounded, and 100 guns. He him- self and almost all his generals were wounded. The Austrians lost COOO men. On May 21, 1813, a battle took place here between the French and the Allies. See Bautzen. HOCHST, heGst. A to^vn in the Prussian Province of Hesse-Nassau, at the confluence of the Nidda and the Main, 7'/2 miles northwest of Frankfort (Map: Germany, C 3). Hiichst has one of the largest paint-factories in Germany, employing about 2500 men. There are also large porcelain-works, established in 1740, and manu- factures of tobacco, gas, an<l water-mains, ma- chinery, oilcloth, gelatin, and furniture. Hochst was made a citv in 1400. Population, in 1890, 8455: in 1900, 14,121. HOCHSTADT, hec'stet. See Blenheim. HOCHSTETTER, hftc'stet-ter, FERDiNANn VON (1829-84). An Austrian geologist, born at Esslingen, Wilrttemberg. He was a member of the Novara expedition in 1857, and made a spe- cial study of the geology of New Zealand and the gold-fields of Australia, the results of which were published in the account of the expedition and in a small work on New Zealand. After his return to Europe he was appointed a professor at the Vienna Imperial Polytechnic Institute, and afterwards director of the Imperial Museum of Natural History, He wrote an authoritative work on the geology of Turkey and the Ural region, and published, together with Hann and Pokorny. the Allffemeine Erdkunde. HOCK> HOUGH (AS. huh, OHG. hahsa, Ger. Eechsc, buck; ultimately connected with Lat. coxa, thigh, Skt. /,u/,-.w, armpit). The joint be- tween the knee and tlie fetlock in a horse's hind leg. Uoek-joint, the hinge formed by tibia and astragalus. HOCKTDAY (from AS. heah. high + d(r(t. d.v). The second Tuesday after Easter; former-