Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/210

HONDURAS. 182 HONES. are a penitentiary and general hospital at Te- gucigalpa ; also a hospital at Amapala. HisTOBY. The coast of Honduras was discov- ered by Columbus in 1502. The lirst settlement was made in 1524, by Cristobal de Olid, a lieu- tenant uf CortOs, sent to take possession of the countrj- in the name of his commander. Olid founded the town of Triunfo de la Cruz, and set up an independent f.'<ivernmcnt. CortOs set out in person to bring Olid to terms, and after a tedious march of six montlis over the mountains and rivers of Mexico and Central America, he reached the little colon}* in the spring of 1525. There he rei-nforced the colonists and founded the town of Xatividad de Xucstra Scfiora, on Caballos Bay, returning to Mexico in 152C. A royal Gov- ernor was appointed to rule the province. The mines of Honduras were valuable, hut under Spanish government the colony developed slowly. In 15.39 the province was made an audiencia of the Captain-Gcneralcy of Guatemala. The laws enacted for the protection of the natives were systematically disreg:irded. In 1821 Honduras revolted from .Spain, and was annexed to the Mexican Empire. In 1823 it joined the federation of Central American States which was formed in October of that year, and- lasted until 18.38, when it was virtually dissolved, although the President's term did not expire until Kehruary 1. 183!). In 1849-51 Honduras formed a union with Salvador and Xicaragtm. which ended in 18(>3 in war between the contracting parties. Between 185ti and 18G0 the usual course of internal dis- sension was interrupted by the filibustering ex- ploits of William Walker (q.v.). In 1871 war broke out between Honduras and Salvador and (iuat^mala, and after peace was declared, in 1874, a revolution in the interests of the ex- President, Medina, took place. Other States in- terfered, and the Guatemalan candidate, Soto, acted at first as provisional President, and was elected to that olhce in April. 1877. In 1880 the national capital was removed from Coma- yagiw to Tegucigalpa and Soto was reelected President. In 1899 General Sierra was chosen President for the term ending in 1903. BiBLiOGBAPHY. Froebel, Eleven Yearn' Travel in Central America (I^ondon, 1853) ; Wells. Ex- ploratiotm and Adientures in Honduras (New York. 1857); Scherzer, ^yanderungen durch die mitlrlnnfrn-anischcn Freislnnlcn Xicararjua, Uonduras und l^an Salvador (Brunswick. 1857) ; Squier. Honduras: Dexcriptire, Historical, and Statintieal (London, 1870); Garcia, San Salva- dor und Honduras im Jahr liilC> (Berlin. 1873) ; Gonzalez, Geografia de Centro-AmMca (San Salvador, 1878) ; Bates. Central and South Amer- ica (London. 1882) ; Lombard. The ew Hon- duras (New York. 1887) ; Polakowsky. "Die Re- publiken Centralamcrikas. Honduras," in Zeil- sehrift dcr flesellsrhnft fiir Frdkunde zu Berlin (Berlin, 1889) ; Bancroft. Historji of Central America (.San Francisco. 1890); CTiarles, Hon- duras (Chicago, 1890) ; Child. Spanish American Republics (New York. 1891), "Honduras." Bureau of American Republics, Bulletin 57 (Washington, 1892) ; T.emus and Bourgeois. Breve noticia sohre Honduras (Tegucigalpa, 1897) : several articles by Gordon in Prabndii Mu- seum Memoirs, vol. i. (Cambridge, 1898) ; Perry. Dirrcforio nacionnl de Honduras (New York. 1899) : Sapper. Das nordliche Miltel-Amerika (3 vols., Brunswick, 1899). HONDURAS, Bay of. An inlet of the Carib- bean iSca, between British Honduras. Guatemala, and Honduras (Map: Central . ierica. 1) 2). It forms several inlets and contains the island of Turnetre, and the Bay Islands, of the coast of Honduras. HONDURAS, Bbitlsii. Sec Bbitisii Hon- duras. HONE, Philip (1780-1851). An American merchant and politician. He was born in New Y'ork City, where with his brother he built up a good business as an auctioneer. In 18 Hi he established the first savings bank in New York ; was Mayor of the city in I82(); and founded the Jlcrcantile Library As.sociation. He had Ix^en a Federalist, joined in the formation of the Whig Party and. it is said, gave it that name. He was prominent in national politics, where he opp<is<>d Jackson, and later condemned abolition, and was a man of taste and some learning. He wrote a diary for the years 1828 to 1851, which, edited in part by Tuckcrman (1889), gives valuable im- pressions of life in New York and of the early days of the Whig Party. koNE, WiLUAM (1780-1842). An English author, born at Bath. He was brought up in the strictest piety, even learning to read and write from the Bible. When ten years old he was ap- prenticed to a London attorney. He afterwards set up as bookseller, but did not succeed. He gained a contemporary notoriety by his satires on the Government, wbich were illustrated by Cruikshank. For his parodies on the prayer- book he was prosecuted, but acquitted. His Political House that Jack Built (1819) ran through 54 editions. Withdrawing from politics, he produced works of more permanent value, as: Ancient Mysteries (1823); a new edition of Strutt's Sports and Pastimes (1830) ; Every Day Book (1820 27); Table Talk (1827-28); The Year Hook ( 1832) ; and many cheap and popular reprints. During his last years he frequently preached. He died at Tottenham. Some of the most characteristic of Hone's works have been reprinted bv W. Tegg: Every Day Book, Table Talk, and Year Book (1873); and The Three Trials, an account of his prosecution by the Grov- ernment ( IS7G) . HONES (.-VS. han, Icel. hein, stone; ultimate- ly connected with Lat. cuneus, Gk. Kiims, kOnoa, wedge, Skt. suna, whetstone, from so, «i, to sharpen), or Whetstones. A paiticular class of stones used for the purpose of sharpening edge- tools, such as razors, knives, scythes, etc. They are usually cut into pieces of convenient size, according to their intended uses. The finest kind of hones are those called oil-stones; these are hard, compact, and so very siliceous that they readily wear down the hardest steel : thej- are varieties of slate, derived from the argillaceous schists of the Paleozoic period. These stones are found in Turkey, Bohemia, Persia, in the Harz Mountains, in Styria, in the United States, Spain, Peru, and in Siberia. In Great Britain .several localities yield hone-stones of excellent quality, and none better than the celebrated Water-of-.yr stone, which is much used for polishing copper plates, as well as for hones. The hones used for sharpening scythes, etc., are usually made of coarse-grained sandstone. One of the best Ameri- can stones for hones comes from Arkansas. In addition, there are artificial stones formed from