HOPE. 200 HOPE THEATRE. pontrol by the State, Hope bought, in 1844, Saint Auj,'ustiiKs Abbey, C'aiilfiliury, as a iiiissiuiiary C'ollogf, built All Saints' t luirch, in London, and wrote on ndigious libi'iiy, at tlic time of the cx- litenient over Konian aggression, in the Chronicle, and later in the Saturday l{< rUir, being elosely iissoeiated in both with John Uougla-i^ Cook. Hope was president oi the Hoval Institute of llritisb .rehiteets (ISliStiT), of the Areliitec- lural -Museum, anri of the JCcelesiologieal Soeiety. His works inelude: several works tin Church polities; A I'opulur 1 ii.ir of the American Vivil 11 <ir (3d ed. 18(il); and a successful novel, .siricllij Tied Up (4th ed. 1886). HOPE, Antiionv. See Hawkins, Antiio.ny llufE. HOPE, Sir Jami:s (1808-81). A British ad- miral, born in Kdinburgh. He was educated in the Koyal Naval College. Portsmouth, and when fourteen years old went as midshipman on a frigate bound for the West Indies. In five years he was promoted lieutenant and by 1830 had reached the rank of commander, having by that time made voyages to the Mediterranean and the Kast Indies. He saw service in North and South America (1833-4.5), and after opposing the Rus- sians in the Baltic for two years was created rear- admiral (18.57), and commander of the Chinese squadron (18r)9-62). In 18,59 he made a gallant attempt to enforce the ratification of a treaty the I'ekin Government had entered into with l-'rance and England. He lost ships and men and was himself severely wounded, but returned to the attack the following year and was successful (I8(i()). From 18(!3 to 'l8t;7 he commanded in North .-Vmeriean waters and the West Imlies, and for three years ( ISG!l-7'2) was in charge at Ports- mouth. He was marie an admiral in 1870. chief naval aide-de-camp to t^hieen Victoria in 1873, and was retired in 1878. but was created honor- ary admiral of the entire lleet a j'car later. HOPE, Tiio.MA-s (C.I770-1S31). An English author and virtuoso. He belonged to a rich family of merchants, .Scotch by descent, whfi hail settled in Amsterdam. While still a youth lie traveled extensively in Southern Europe and in the East, and collected many drawings, chiefly of buildings and sculptures. After 17!Mi lie made England liis home. He first attracted attention by the decorations which he bestowed on the in- terior of his mansion in nuchess ,Street, Portland Place, London, a description of which appears in his book Household Furniture (1807). In 1809 he published Costumes of the Aneients and Archi- tecture of Theatres. Three years afterwards ap- peared Modern Costumes, and in 1819 Anastasius, or Memoirs of a Modern flrerk at the Close of the fjighlecnth Century. Published anonymous- ly, this last work was ascribed to Lord Byron, who said that he had wept liecause he did not write it. It is a brilliant romance describing adventures and manners in the East. After his death appeared .
Essa;/ on the Origin and
Prospects of Man and .l;i flistorical Essay on Architecture. HOPE. Thomas Charles (170fi-lS44). A Scotch professor of chemistry, born in Edinburgh. He graduated at the I'niversity there in 1787 and for the following eight years was professor of chemistry and assistant in medicine at the I'ni- versity of Glasgow. He returned to his alma mater to be associated with Prof. Joseph Black in cheiuical instruction, bceunie his suc- cessor in 1799. and retaiiu'd the chair till a year before his death. He was specially skilled in ex- perimental work, and the results of his two most important discoveries are contained in a pajier read before the Uoyal Society of Edinburgh, .la Account of a .Mineral from titrctntian, and of a Peculiar Specirs of Earth which It Contains (1793). and in I'xpi riniinls on tin Contim tion of l^(i^')■ by Ural, published by the Edinburgh Koyal .Suiety (18(1.5). Professor Hope instituted a prize in chemislry ( 18'28), but he wa.s aver.si- to permitting his students to take a practical part in his ixpi riiiiciil-. HOPE COLLEGE. An institution of learning, situated at Holland, .Mich. It was organized by Dutch colonists in 1857 as an academy, and chartered as a college in 181)0 under the auspices of the Heformed Church in America. The Vest- ern Theological Seminary was founded in IStl9. The college is coeducational and had in 1902 121 preparatory, (i5 collegiate, and 17 thefdogieal students, an endowment of .$270,191 and an iii- ciime of .*20,424. At the same time the library contained 10,000 volumes. Besiilcs the ancient languages, instruction is given in French, (Jer- man, Dutch, Italian, and Spanish. The degree of Bachelor of .rts Is conferred. HOPE'DALE. A communistic settlement, foUMilcil ill ISll hy a society under the leadership of Hcv. .din Ballou. i,n the town of Milford, Worcester Co., Mass. The chief aim of the found- er was to restore the original ideals of Christian life, rather than to reorganize society economi- cally. . farm of 238 acres with mill sites was purchased by the soeiety, organized as a joint- stock company. The conuuunity consisted of twenty-eight persons, who observed strictly the rules of conmuniism. As the community in- creased in numbers, these rules were somewhat relaxed. .-V board of trustees at first controlled the industries of the comnumity: but later the several branches were farmed out to individuals. The coninninity was not a success financially, nor was social barmipny long maintained. In 1H.54 it had reacheil its highest point, embracing about two hundred members. Agriculture and several branches of manufacture were carried on. Two years later the eonununity was found to be deeply in debt, and the joint-stock company was dis- solved. .s a ptirely religious organization it continued to exist for some years, but during the Civil War merged in the Hopedale parish, with Mr. Ballon as pastor, the industries founded by the soeiety being carried on liy private manage- ment. Consult Adin Ballou. History of the Hope- dale Community (Lowell. 1897). HOPE DIAMOND. . large blue diamond, in the possession of (lie family of II. T. Hope, weigh- ing 44 'i carats. It is supposed to have been cut from a stone purchased from Tavernier by Louis XIV.. which weighed uncut 112i(; carats, and 6711' carats after cutting. The .stone was lost in 1792. and the Hope diamond came into the mar- ket in 1K30, HOPEFUL. In Bunyan's Pilfirim's Progress, the companion of Christian on the journey from the City of Destruction to the Delectable Moun- tains and the ."shining Gate. HOPE THEATRE, TnE. A sixteenth cen- tury beargarden, on the Bankside, Southwark, London, which was changed into a playhouse in
