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HUNT. 881 HUNT. sistant at Yale College. In 1847 he wag made chemist and mineralogist to the GeoIogicHl Sur- vey of Canada, and. while holding this position, was also for .several years professor of chemistry at Laval and JIc(;ill universities. In 1872 he resigned his position on the Geological Survey to become professor of geology at tlie ilassachu- setts Institute of Te<dinology, and six years later he retired from olheial service. His extensive and fruitful researches in general and economic geology, in pure and applied chemistry, and in mineralogy, have won for liim a place of emi- nence in the scientific world, and universities and learned societies the world over eo7iferred upon liim their honors. He was made a Felhrw of the Royal Society of London, a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor in France, an honorary Doctor of Laws of the University of Cambridge, president of the American ChemicaJ Society (1880), and president of the Royal Society of Canada (1884). Besides a very large number of papers on special scientific topics, his publica- tions include the following works: Chemical and (ivolnqifdl Es.tnyn (1874): Azoic Uoclat (1878); The Domain of Physiolo(jy (2d ed. 1882) ; Mineral Physiology and I'hyaiogruphy (188(5) ; A 'Sew Basis for Chemistry (1887). HUNT,. W.RD (1810-86). An American ju- rist, born in Utica, N. Y. He was educated at Union College, prepared himself for his legal career in Litchfield. Conn., and after following his profession for many years in his native tow^n, of which he was Mayor in 1844, he was raised to the Court of Appeals in >few York (18(5.5), and seven years later to the bench of the United States Supreme Court. This position he occu- pied for ten years, and then retired with a pen- sion. HUNT, WiLLi.oi Henry (1790-18G4). An Knglish painter in water-colors. He was borrr in London, ilarch 28, 1100, the son of a tin- plate worker. A cripple from childhood, he was apprenticed at an early age to .Tohn Varley (q.v.). and made such rapid progress in painting that he could exhibit at the Academy at the age of seventeen. He was much encour.iged in his studies by the friendship and patronage of Dr, Thomas Munro, of .Vdelphi Terr.-tce. He at first painted in oil, but later devoted himself exclusively to water-color. He became an im- portant member of the Water Color Society in 1827, exhibiting a large number of drawings — nsnally twentv-five — each vear. ITe began by painting landscapes and still life, but later did rustic scenes and sketches of the sea, visiting? Hastings every year for thirtv years. Toward the close of his career he made manv drawings of (lowers and fruits. He excelled in depicting conmion objects, seen in the sunlight, at a short distance, and he preferred pure to mixed colors. His genre subjects are nearly always rtistic, and are distinguisjied by a delightful vein of humor. Among the best known are: Too Hot." the "Cardplayers." the "Fly-fisher," the '-.Attack," and the Defeat." The South Kensington Mu- seum contains a large number of his aquarelles, but the best collections are those of .Tames Orrock and Louis Huth. Hunt died in London, February 10, 1804. Consult: Redgrave. A Crn- tury of firitish Painters (London, 1800) : Rtis- kin, A'o(es oji Samuel Prout and William Hunt (London, 1879), Vol.. X.— 29. HUNT, WiLUAM He!«bt (1824-84). An -American lawyer and politician, born in Charles- ton, S, C". After studying for two years at Yale College in tlie class of 1843, he removed to Louisiana, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1844. For many years he was a professor in a law .school in New Orleans, Throughout the Civil War he favored the Union cause, and •ever afterwards remained a stanch Republican. In 1870 he was appointed Attorney-General of Louisiana to fill a vacancy, and was regularly nominated for that position in the same year; but the vote was contested, and largely through the agency of President Hayes the Democratic canditiates were placed in olHce. Hunt was made a judge of the United States Court of Claims in 1878, was prominently mentioned two years later as a successor to .Justice Strong on the Supreme Court bench, and in 1881 was appointed by Garfield Secretary of the Xavy, after he had declined the judgeship of the United States Cir- cuit Court of the Fifth District, He retired when Arthur reorganized flarfiehl's Ciibinet, and in 1882 was made Jlini.stcr to Russia, HUNT, Wii.Li.M HoLM.N (1827—), An English historical painter. He was born in London in .April, 1827. He was intended for commercial life, btit his taste for painting pre- vailing, he studied for a short time under .John Varley (q.v.), and in 1854 he entered the schools of the Royal Academy. At the ago of nineteen he exhibited his finst picture at the .Aeadeni.v exhibition. Together with Rossetti and Millais, Hunt founded the Pre-Raphaelite lirotherluiod (q.v.). His first painting that was an exponent of its jirinciples was "The Flight of Middine and Porphyro," a subject taken from Keats'a Eve of Saint .Iffnes. He has been the most con- sistent follower of the Pre-Raphaelite move- ment, and even in his later works has remained unafTeeted by a modern artistic development. He soon turned to religious subjects, to which he is peculiarly adapteil, and became one of the greatest modern exponents of Christianity, His works iire full of strong religicnis feeling, and are characterized by an absolute fidelity to nature, to the extent of a hard realism. Every detail, even the leaves and blades of grass, is painted with the utmost minuteness. His works are the triumph of industry. He went to Pales- tine to studv the figures and landscapes of his religious subjects, spending four vears there in preparation for his picture "Christ Discovered in the Temple." This industrv has been riehlv rewarded bv the public, which botight the latter picture for £.5000, and "The Shadow of Death" for £10,000. The best known of Hunt's works is his "Light of the World." now in Keble Collese. Oxfiinl. It represents Christ wandering through the night, with a lantern in His hand, and an embroidered robe thrown over His shtmlders; it is executed with great detail and realism. .Among his earlier works are a "Converted Christian Family Shel- tering Christian Missionaries from the Druids" (1810), in (he Taylor Jluseum, nxf(.rd: "Rienzi Vowing to -Avenge His Brother's Death" (1841) ; the "Hireling Shepherd" (18.52): and the ".Awakened Conscience" (18.54), The "Scape- goat" (18.5(5) is a stran.sre religious production, representing a goat perishing among the miasmas of the Dead Sea. In the Gallery of Birminghat". is the "Christ Discovered in the Temple"