Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/721

INN, INNKEEPER. 635 INNES. not entitled to select whatever accommodation the inn allords, and if he will not accept such reasonable aceoniiiiodation as is oii'ered the inn- keeper may order him to leave the house. As some conipen^iation for this compulsory hospital- ity, the innkeeper is allowed certain privileges; thus, he has a lien on the horse and carriage or goods of tlic ".'ucst for that part of the bill or reckoning a]>plicable to each respectively, and fur the sum due for accommodation afforded to the guest, i.e. he may keep these until his bill is paid for llieir keep, even though they arc not the property of the guest (see Lien), but he can- not detain the person of his guest until pay- ment is made. ^niile an innkeeper has his remedy by lien for his charges, he is under great responsibility for the safety of the goods of his guests. In general, he is absolutely liable for the safety of all goods brought to his house by the guests unless the loss occurs by act of God or the pub- lic enemy. An act of God is any vis major in ■which there is no element of human agency. A public enemy is a de facto government in actual state of war with the Government to which the innkeeper is subject. ( See these topics under the head of C.BBIEB, Common.) Hence the inn- keeper is liable to his guest for loss by fire or theft, although in some States the innkeeper i.s exempted by statute from liability for loss by fire not caused by the negligence of himself or his servants. The innkeeper is excused if the loss is caused by the guest's own negligence — as, for example, by his leaving the door of his room un- locked or by his leaving a box or package con- taining valuables in a public room of the inn without delivering the package to the innkeeper or his servants. An innkeeper cannot escape liability by posting a notice in the guest's room oj' other part of the house to the effect that he will not be answerable for such losses, such no- tice being contrary to the policy of the law Avhich imposes the extraordinary liability on the innkeeper. The innkeeper may, however, make reasonable regulations for protecting the prop- <'rty of the guests, as requiring all valuables be- longing to guests to be deposited in the inn- keeper's safe, and if the guest after fair notice fails to comply with the regulation, the inn- keeper is not liable for loss of the valuables, unless due to his own misconduct or that of his servants. One who takes his meals in a public restaurant attached to an inn is not a guest of the inn itself, and his rights are merely those of a casual boarder. An innkeeper may entertain boarders living regularly in his house, as well as transient guests or travelers; but as to these his liability is only that of a boarding-house keeper. Iimkeepers are subject to various statu- tory regulations which, owing to the fact that the innkeeper is engaged in a public calling, do not violate any of the constitutional provisions guaranteeing the rights of citizens. TIius he may be compelled to keep a regular register of his guests, provide safety appliances to avoid danger of fire, and he may even bp subject to regulations as to food and accommodations. See Ptbuo Callings : Bo.RDiNG-HofSE : B.MLii ent. Consult: American and English Enciiclopwdia of Law, vol. 16, 2d ed. ; Schouler, Bailments; James, Liens. Vol. ..— 11. INNATE IBEAS ( Lat. innatus, inborn, from in, in -^ iiusci, to be bom). Ideas which, by some philosophers, are supposed to form part of the actual equipment or content of consciousness at birth; or if they do not appeal till later, are supposed not to be due to any experience falling within the life of the individual. The difficulty of accounting for our universal and necessary jud'onents (see Jldoment) gave rise to this theory of innate ideas. We find the first sug- gestion of this theory in Plato's (q.v. ) doctrine of reminiscence, and a vigorous defense, and per- haps the most elaborate statement of it, in Leib- nitz's doctrine of obscure perceptions. * INNER HOUSE. The name given in Scot- land to the higher division, or chamber, of the great court of the kingdom, the Court of Ses- sion (q.v.). It exercises an appellate jurisdic- tion over the inferior division, known as the Outer House, though its original jurisdiction is in general coordinate with that of the latter. INNER MISSION (Ger. Innere Mission). The name given in Germany to a movement originated by Theodor Fliedner (q.v.) and fur- ther developed by .Johann Hinrich Wichern (q.v. ), who gave it its name in 1S4H. It is intended to elevate the whole man, and so besides specific- ally Church work, such as Sunda.v schools, rescue missions for drunkards and prostitutes, meet- ings for sailors, railroad employees, and stran- gers, it supports deaconesses to nurse the sick, maintains asylums and homes of all kinds, and takes part in the Red Cross work. Underneath all this exertion is the idea that until the spirit- ual nature is aroused little can be done for per- manent improvement. It is distinctively a Prot- estant movement. There is a central committee, but it does not exercise control of the local com- mittees. Consult: H. Behm, Die Innere Mis- sion, eine kirchliche Refonnbewegung des 19. Jahrhunderts (Giitersloh, 1892) ; Fiinfzig Jahre der Inneren Mission (report of the Central Com- mittee, Berlin, 1898). INNER TEMPLE. One of the four ancient guilds of lawyers known as Inns of Court in London. haing the exclusive privilege of calling persons to the English bar. See Inns of Court. INNES, in'es, Cosmo (1798-1874). A Scotch lawyer and antiquary, horn at Durris. He was educated at the High School of Edinburgh, and at the universities of Aberdeen. Glasgow, and Oxford. He studied law. but never had a large practice. He arranged the documents of Register House, and edited Rescinded Acts and .4r^s of the f<rots Parliament. 112!i-nm. He displayed so great an interest in the pre-Reformation period that he was suspected of sympathy with Rome. From 1840 to 1874 he was professor of constitu- tional law and history at Edinburgh. His works, besides the editions mentioned, and many char- tularies of Scottish religious houses, were: Scotland in the Middle Ages (ISfiO); Sketches iif Early Scotch History (1861): Lectures on Scotch Legal Antiquities (1872): and Memoir of Dean Ramsay (1874). INNES, Thomas (1662-1744). An historian of Scotland. He was born at Drumgask, Aber- deenshire, in 1662. and educated in Paris. In 1692 he was ordained priest of the Roman Cath- olic Church, and passed most of his remaining years in Paris, occasionally visiting England