successor Abdul iledjid in the celebrated HattiSheiil of Gulhane in 1839. See Turkey.
OTTO OF ROSES. See Attab of Roses.
OTTUMWA, 6 tum'wa. A city and the county-seat of Wapello Coiuity, Iowa, 81 miles southeast of Des Moines, on the Des Jloines Kiver, and on the Iowa Central, the Wabash, the Chicago, Burlinuton and yuincy. the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul, the Chicago. Rock Island and Pacific, and other railroads (ilap: Iowa, E 4). Among the notable structures of the city are the United States Government building, opera house. Y. M. C. A. building, the Union railway station, public library, the public school buildings, and the court-house. Ottumwa is the centre of productive coal fields, and has abundant water power—two important factors in the development of its extensive manufactures. The industrial establishments include iron works, foundries, a large pork-packing plant, agricultural and mining implement works, furniture factories, etc. The city has good transportation facilities and important commercial interests. Settled in 1849, Ottumwa was incorporated two years later. The government, under a charter of 1892. is vested in a mayor, biennially elected, and a council, a small minority of whose members are elected at large. Population, in 1890, 14,001; in 1900, 18,197.
OTUMBA, 6-tum'ba. A town of Mexico, in the .State of Mexico, 31 miles northeast of the capital, on the Mexican Railway ( Map: Mexico, K 8). It is on the site of the ancient Indian village Otompan, where Cortes, in one of the bloodiest battles of the Conquest, defeated the Aztecs after his disastrous retreat from the City of Mexico. Its population, in 189.5, was about 2000.
OT'WAY, Thomas (1652-85). An English dramatist, author of The Orph,xn and Venice Preserved, two plays long famous on the British stage. He was born March 3. 1652, at Trotton, near Midhurst, Sussex. Leaving Oxford without a degree, he went to London to seek his fortune in 1671. He appeared on the stage, but made a signal failure; next he applied himself to dramatic composition. In 1675 Alcibiades. his first tragedy, was printed; and in the following year he produced Doti Carlos, a play which was extremely popular. His first comedy, Friendship in Fashion, appeared in 1678, and met with general appreciation. After a time spent with the army in Holland, he produced the tragedy of Cains Marius in 1680. In the same year The Orphan met with an extraordinary, and, in some respects, a deserved success. In 1681 The Soldier of Fortune, and in 1682 the finest of all his plays, Venice Preserved, were produced. From this time till his death, the poet had much to endure from poverty and neglect. Debts accumulating upon him, he retired to an obscure public house on Tower Hill, for the purpose of avoiding his creditors, and here, at the early age of thirty-three, he died. April 14, 1685. Otway's power lay chieflv in depicting the patho.s of afTection, and he may have been in.spired by his own unhappy infatuation for Mrs. Barry, the actress. Otherwise, although he achieved a brilliant reputation during his lifetime, and though he is described by Dryden as having a power of moving the passions which he himself did not possess, Otway's plots are artificial, and his work is of OUDH. inferior artistic value. Consult: .Johnson, Lives ' of the Poets (new ed., London, 1896); The Works of Thomas Oiway, with Life, by Thomas Thornton (ib,, 1813); Ward. History of English Dramatic Literature (ib., 1899); Gosse. .Seventeenth Century .Studies ( ib., 1883); Noel, Beat Plays of Thomas Otuay (ib., 1888); De Grisy, Etude sur Thomas Ottcay (Paris, 1868); Moseh, I'eber Thomas Oticays Lehen und Wcrke (.Jena, 1875); Lowenljerg, Ueber Otways und Schillers -Don Carlos" (Lippstadt, 1886).
OTZEN, ot'sen. .Johannes (1839—). A German architect, born at Sieseby. Sehle.swig. He studied architecture in Hanover, and from 1867 to 1870 was second clerk in the lioiird of Inspection of Public Works for the Province of Schleswig. In 1870-79 he was an architect in Berlin, in 1879 was appointed professor of mediaeval art in the Polytechnic Institute there, and in 1885 director of an advanced course at the Academy. He designed numerous structures, particularly churches, in Berlin and elsewhere, including Saint .John's at Altona (1873) and the Church of the Holy Cross in Berlin ( 1888), and published Die Baukunst des Mittelalters (1879-83), and other works. OXJAKARI (South American name), or TJAKARX, wa-ka'rg. One of three species of Brazilian monkeys closely related to the sakis, distinguished by their long silky hair and stump-like tails. The best known species is the bald ouakari {Brachyurus calva), which is about eighteen inches in length, and has whitish fur, with the head nearly bald and the naked skin of the face brilliant scarlet. These nmnkeys inhabit forests of limited and local areas, often (looded for weeks at a time, and have exclusively arboreal habits, and subsist almost wholly upon fruits. Bates, in his yaturalist on the Amazons (London, 2d ed., 1892). gives a most interesting account of their habits and behavior in captivity. See Monkey.
OUBLIETTE, m'hll'et' (Fr.. from oublier, to forget, from Lat. oblivisci, to forget). A deep pit or well under a dungeon, having an opening only at the top, into which prisoners were thrown to die. There are but few authenticated instances of its employment.
OTJDE, oud. A province of British India. See OCDH.
OUDENARDE, or OUDENAARDE, ou'dpnar-dc (Fr. Audeuarde). town in the Province of East Flanders, Belgium, on the east bank of the Scheldt. 15 miles southwest of Ghent (Map: Belgium. B 4). Its chief building is a fine Gothic council house built from 1523 to 1529. There are manufactories of linen and cotton and extensive tanneries. At Oudenarde, on July 11, 1708, the French under Vendôme were defeated by the Allies under Marlborough and Prince Eugene. Population, in 1900. 6204.
OUDH, oud. or AJODHYA, i-jod'yil. A suburb of Faizabad (q.v.), Oudh. India.
OUDH. or OUDE, oud (Hind. Awadh). A province of British India, forming a chief commissionership administratively connected with the United Provinces of -Aigra. It lies south of the Himalayas, one of whose minor ranges separates it from Nepal, while on the east, south, and west it is bounded by the United Provinces of Agra, the southern boundary being formed by
