Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/426

WATER SUPPLY. not so great as to render some other source of supply cheaper. The amount of storage will ranoe" all the way from nearly the whole run-off of very small streams to a tew months' supply for medium-sized ones and nothinfr for large rivers. But whenever an attempt is made to utilize a large percentage of the total _ run-oflf, storage will also have to be provided in large quantities. With adequate storage an average daily yield of 500,000 to 700,000 gallons per square mile may be expected in the Xew Eng- land States, New York, and Kew Jersey, where all the proiilems involved have been most care- fully studied. In a brief paper on Storage Water Supplies presented to the American Water-Works Asso- ciation in May, 1901, L. J. Le Conte submitted the preceding' estimates as to the capabilities and requisite storage of the drainage areas which .supjdv Boston, Xew York, San Francisco, and Oakland, Cal. BiBLioGR.pnT. Consult: F. E. Turneaure, Public Water Supplies (New York, 1901), and other general reference -books mder articles on lKRiri.Tiox and Waterworks; Water Supply and Irrifiation Papers, and recent annual lieports of the United States Geological Survey: and vol. iii. ("Water Power") of the Final Report of the State Geologist of New Jersey (Trenton, 1894). For further information on the natural sources of water supply, see Water; ARTE.siAif Wells; RAI^•: River; "Spbixgs. For the devel- opment of water supplies and their useful ap- plication, see Aqueducts; Dams axd Reser- voirs ; Ireig.tio>" ; Water Power; Wateb PURIFICATION; WATER- WORKS ; and WELL-SIXK- INfi. WATEE-THBTJSH. A name very suitably a])]dii'd in (ireat Britain to the ouzel (q.v.), and transferred in the United States to the terrestrial warblers of the genus Seiurus, also better called 'water wagtails.' They are large, handsome birds, golden or olive brown above and satiny white below, with spotted breast. Three species are observable during the irrigation seasons in the eastern United States, where one remains dur- ing the summer as a numerous and familiar resi- dent (see Oven-bird). All .show a fondness for the -icinity of water, frequently ponds and for- est-streams, near which they make their nests and practice songs surpassed by few American birds in brilliance and' melody. WATER-TIGHT COMPARTMENTS OF VESSELS. See Shipbuilding. WATER TOWER. See Fire Protection. WATERTOWN, wn'ter-toun. A town, in- cluding several villages, in Middle.sex County, Mass., seven miles west of Boston, on the Charles River, and on the Boston and Maine Railroad (Map: Massachusetts, E 3). It has a public library with 26.000 vohimcs, and a United States arsenal. A prominent residential suburb of Boston, it is also largely interested in manufac- turing. The leading products are paper, paper bags, rubber goods, shirts, soap, woolen goods, waste and shoddy, starch, stoves, furnaces, etc. The water-works are owned and operated by the town. Watprto'n was settled and incorporated in lfi.30, and in 1032. when called upon to con- tribute toward the erection of a fort at Cam- l)ridge, made the first protest ever made in .356 WATERTOWN. America against arbitrary taxation. In 1775-76 the second and third Provincial Congresses of Massachusetts met here, and here the people of Boston, driven from their homes by the British, held several town meetings. Population, in 1890, 7073; in 1900, 9706. Consult: Francis, An His- torical Skctcli of Watertown (Cambridge, 1830) ; Hurd. History of Middlesex County (Philadel- phia, 1890). WATERTOWN. The county-seat of .Jeffer- son County, New Y'ork, 70 miles north by east of Syracuse, on the Black River, and on the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad (Map: New York, E 2). Among the prominent buildings are the county court house. State armory, county jail, post office, and the Young Men's Christian Association building. A me- morial library to ex-Governor Roswell P. Flower and a handsome high school building are in course of construction. The charitable institu- tions include the Henry Keep Home for the Aged, two hospitals, and two orphans' homes. There are several small parks, and a new park covering 650 acres is being laid out. Watertown is of considerable commercial importance as the cen- tre of a fertile fanning section having extensive deposits of iron and limestone. It also has large industrial interests. In the census year 1900 the various manufacturing establishments had an invested capital of $8,281,845, and a pro- duction valued at $7,881,977. The city is es- pecially known for the manufacture of paper and wood pulp, and foundry and machine-shop products. The New York Air Brake Company has an extensive plant here. Other establish- ments include carriage and wagon factories, flour- ing and grist mills, lumber mills, steam engine works, farm-implement works, etc. Under the amended charter of 1903, the government is vested in a mayor, chosen biennially, and a imicameral council. The majority of the sub- ordinate officials are appointed by the mayor, subject to the confirmation of the council. The water-works are owned and operated by the municipality. First settled in 1800, Watertown became the county-spat in 1805, and was incor- porated as a village in 1810. It was chartered as a citv in 1869. Population, in 1890, 14,725; in 1900' 21,090. WATERTOWN. The county-seat of Coding- ton County, S. D., 140 miles north by east of Yankton, on the Big Sioux River, and on the Chicago and Northwestern, the Chicirgo, Rock Island and Pacific, the Great Northern, and the ^Minneapolis and Saint Louis railroads (Map: South Dakota, H 5). It is in a region of at- tractive scenery, but three miles from Lake Kampeska, one of the most picturesque lakes in the State. The city is an important shipping point for the farming and cattle-raising section adjacent. There are large grain elevators and wnri'linuses, llouring mills, and m.anufactories of leatlier. foundry and machine-shop products, agri- cultural implements, carriages and wagons, oat- meal, etc. Population, in 1890, 2672; in 1900, 33.'-i2. WATERTOWN. A city in Wisconsin, on the boundary line between JelTerson and Dodge counties, 44 miles west by north of Milwaukee (Map: Wisconsin, E 5). It is on the Rock River, and on the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint