Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/769

WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 057 WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. <ler and a pure typu of the most refined classical architecture. On three sides of the main Imikling and connected with it by corridors were laryc annexes. The main building was entered by four great portals richly ornamented with archi- tectural sculpture and approaclied by broad lliglits of steps. Forestry Building, in the rustic style of architecture, with a veranda, supporting the roof of which was a colon- nade consisting of a series of columns coni- p(i>cd of tree trunks in their natural state sith bark undisturbed, which were contriboted by the dill'crent States and Territories of the Union and by foreign countries, each furnishing specimens of its most characteristic trees. The main en- trances were elaborately finished in different kinds of wood, the material and workmanship be- ing contributed by various lumber associations. Tlic roof was thatched with tan and other barks. Fisheries Building, by Henry 1. Cobb, in the Spanish style of architecture, consisting of a large central structure with two small polyg- onal buildings connected with it on either eml liy arcades. The roof was of old Spanish tiles and the side walls in a pleasing color. The exterior of the building exhibited innu- merable forms of capitals, modillions, brack- ets, cornices, and other ornamental details of which fish and other sea forms served as the motives of the designs. Government Build- ing, by V. J. Kdbrooke, in the classical style of architecture, constructed of iron aiid glass, with an imposing central dome 120 feet in diameter and 150 feet higli. It con- tained the exhibits of the various departments ef the Government, as well as that of the Smith- sonian Institution. Horticultural Building, by W. L. B. JeMney, embracing a central pavilion with two end pavilions, each con- nected with the central one by a front and rear curtain forming two interior courts; these courts were beautifully decorated in color and planted vith ornamental shrubs and flowers. The centre of the pavilions was roofed by a crystal dome, under w^iich were exhibited the tallest palms, bamboos, and tree ferns that could be procured. In each of the pavilions there were galleries. Machinery Hall, by Peabody & Stearns, was in the best type of the Span- ish Renaissance style. At the first story a covered loggia furnished a promenade which en- circled the entire building. The building w-as spanned by three arched trusses, and the in- terior presented the appearance of three rail- way train-houses side by side. Manufac- tures and Liberal Arts Buildin.g, by George B. Post, was in the Corinthian style of architecture, and was the largest exposition build- ing ever constructed up to that time. The princi- pal thoroughfare of the building, called Columbia Avenue, extended longitudinally and was 50 feet wide, while an avenue of like width crossed it at right angles at the centre. The main roof was of iron and glass and arched an area 1400 feet long by 385 feet wide. The cost was .$1,700,000. Mines and Mining Building, by S. S. Beman, in the early Italian Renaissance style, had columns and arches overhanging the lu-incipal entrances, which were richly decorated with sculptured groups and other embellishments emblematic of mining and its allied industries. Between the main entrances and the pavilions were ornamen- tal arcades forming an open loggia on the ground lloor. Transportation Building, by Adlcr & Sullivan, in the Komanesipic style of architecture, with its interior treated similarly to a Roman basilica, with broad naves and aisles. The roof was in three divisions, the middle one of which was higher than the others, and was surrounded liy a cupola that rose lUo feet above the ground. The main entrance consisted of an immense .single arch cnriclied with carvings, bas-reliefs, and mural paintings coated with gold-leaf, whence its name of the Golden Doorway. Woman's Building, by Miss Sophia B. Hayden, in the Italian Renaissance style of architecture, was two stories in height, with an open rotunda 70 by 65 feet, which reached through the height of tiie building and was protected by a richly orna- mented skylight. The rotunda was surrounded by a two-story open arcade producing an effect similar to that of the Indian courtyard. In addition to the foregoing there were nu- merous State buildings, of which that of Cali- fornia was in the style of the old Missions ; that of Florida, a miniature of Fort Marion ; that of Massachusetts, a copy of the John Hancock House ; and that of Virginia a suggestion of Jlount Vernon. The foreign buildings were in many instances characteristic. Thus, that of Germany was in the quaint South German archi- tecture; that of Sweden, in the style of the Swedish country house of the sixteenth century; that of Spain, representing the Convent of Rabi- da ; and that of England, an old manor house of the time of Henry VIII. Also there were build- ings specially typical of the nations or countries by which they were erected, as that of Ceylon in teak-wood, and that of Japan in the characteris- tic style of that country. Scattered through the grounds were numeixius groujjs of sculpture, of which the most famous was the Columbian Foun- tain by MacMonnies. facing which was a colossal statue of the Republic by French, and over the peristyle still beyond w'as a quadriga represent- ing the Triumph of Columbus, while the figures and animals b.^' Kemeys and Procter were espe- cially noteworthy. The amusement features were collected in a strip of land west of Jackson Park, to which the name of Midway Plaisance was giv- en, and of these most wortliy of note was the huge Ferris Wheel, 264 feet high. During the Exposition a series of international congresses, grouped under 20 departments and 224 general di- visions, were held in Memorial Art Palace under the direction of a committee of which Charles C. Bonney was president. The topics discussed in- cluded every phase of economic, scientific, philo- sophical, and religious branches of thought. The total attendance at the Exposition was 27,539,- 041. of which 21,479,661 were paid. There were 05,422 exhibitors representing over 250,000 sepa- rate exhibits : these were examined by an interna- tional jury of awards consisting of 852 judges, about one-half of whom were "foreigners. The award, consisting of a bronze medal and diploma, was given to 27,757 exhibitors, or 36 per cent, of the whole number catalogued, exclusive of those from France and Norway, whose exhibits were withdrawn from examination. At the close of the Exposition the total receipts from all sources were .$33,290,005. while the total dis- bursements were $31,117,353, thus showing a