of Carpenters and Joiners. Of the 2,275 semi-skilled clothing
workers practically all are members of the International Ladies
Garment Workers Union. The musicians are 50 per cent or-
ganized. The difficulty is that the great preponderance of
Negro jobs is still in lines which are not organized. The
porters, laundresses (outside of laundries) and servants have
no organization. The Negroes listed as painters are not in the
painters' union, many of them being merely whitewashers.
The tailors are in large part cleaners and pressers. The waiters, elevator tenders (except female) are poorly organized.
The end of the Negro's troubles, however, does not come
with organization. There is still the question of employers,
for it is a certain fact that preference is frequently given white
workers when they can be secured, if high wages are to be
paid. A vicious circle indeed! One Negro editor has suggested a United Negro Trades Union built on the plan of
the United Hebrew Trades and the Italian Chamber of
Labor. The unions are lethargic; the Negroes skeptical, untrained and individualistic. Meanwhile they drift, a disordered mass, self-conscious, but with their aims unrationalized, into the face of new problems.
Out of this medley of strains in reaction to totally new experiences, a strange product is evolving, and with it new wishes, habits and expectations. Negro workers have discovered an unsuspected strength even though they are as yet incapable of integrating it. Black labor, now sensitive and insistent, will have the protection of workers' organizations or by the strength of their menace keep these organizations futile and ineffective.
With the shift toward industry now beginning, and a subsequent new status already foreshadowed, some sounder economic policy is imperative. The traditional hold of domestic service vocations is already broken: witness the sudden halt in the in- crease of Negro male servants and elevator men. The enormous growth of certain New York industries has been out of proportion to the normal native production of workers. The immigration on which these formerly depended has been cut down and the prospects are that this curtailment will continue.
