and southern portions of Europe. Rare in Northern Germany (Saunders). Breeds also in Northern Africa. Summer migrant in many parts of Asia, and winter visitor to South Africa and the Indo-Malayan Islands.
M. raii (Bonap.). Yellow Wagtail.—Observed in Switzerland on different occasions. Rather rare summer visitor to Ireland, and locally distributed. Breeds "in the basin of Lough Neagh both in Antrim and Armagh" (R.J. Ussher). In Dublin (E. Williams). In Galway (Lord Lilford, recorded by R.J. Ussher). Near Loughs Mask and Carra, in Mayo (R. Warren).
General distribution.—Regular summer visitor to Western Europe, i.e. west of Belgium. Extends south to West Africa. The Eastern Asiatic species is distinct.
Alauda arvensis, Linn. Sky-Lark.—Appeared rather scarce in Switzerland, but probably was overlooked. Was heard in full song in Chamonix, July, 1897. Common resident in Ireland.
General distribution.—Throughout Europe and parts of Asia in the summer, but in autumn moves southwards. Winters in the central and southern portions of Asia and Africa. Found also in the United States, Australia, and New Zealand (Saunders).
Emberiza citrinella (Linn.). Yellow Bunting.—Common and resident in Switzerland and Ireland.
General distribution.—Widely distributed in Temperate Europe as resident. Occurs in Asia Minor and Palestine. The bird found in the latter country is somewhat distinct.
Fringilla cœlebs, Linn. Chaffinch.—Abundant in Switzerland and Ireland as resident.
General distribution.—Occurs plentifully all the year round throughout Temperate Europe. Breeds also in the east and north-east of Asia, as well as Persia. Winters in many parts of Northern Africa. Foreign forms are subject to variation.
Passer montanus, Linn. Tree-Sparrow.—Observed at Lucerne in small numbers. Rare and local in Ireland, where it breeds. Unknown to the latter country prior to 1852 (Saunders). A young specimen from Crumlin, Co. Dublin,[1] is in Dr. Patten's collection. It was obtained on Aug. 4th, 1898. For the chief occurrences of this species in Ireland, see 'List of Irish Birds,'
- ↑ Its breeding range in Co. Dublin is extending. Prior to 1898 it was only supposed to breed near Baldoyle and Raheny.
