- Norwegians, 217, 220, 223
- Norwich, cathedral of, 423; bishop of, 458
- Notitia dignitatum, 74
- Notre Dame, cathedral, 432
- Nova Scotia, 223
- Novella, 593
- Novels, of Justinian, 143
- Novgorod, 224, 230, 532, 543-44, 549, 551
- Noyon, 360
- Numbers, see Hindu-Arabic, Roman, Mystic
- Numidia, 83
- Nürnberg, 140, 289, 340, 369, 532, 539-40
- Nymwegen, 270
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- Oath and oath-helpers, early German, 47, 50-51. 205, 208; 250-51, 294, 535; and see Absolution, Fidelity, Strassburg
- Occult virtues, in nature, 33, 387-88; in relics, 159
- Occupations, in Roman Empire, 37; medieval, 334, 516-17, 584
- Ocean currents, 544
- Oder River, 11, 17, 228, 305, 307, 398, 551
- Odo, Count of Paris, 219
- Odoacer, 86-87, 94, 109
- Of the Buildings of Justinian, 153
- Offices, sale of, 284, 289, 485, 560-61, 563; and see Simony
- Oil painting, 604
- Ointment, 38, 99
- Oise River, 266
- Olaf, St., 230
- Old English, 400; and see Anglo-Saxon
- Old High German, 399
- Old Irish, 164
- Old stone age, 261
- Oligarchy, 26, 483, 581, 584; and see Feudalism, and Nobility
- Olive, 34, 186
- Omar, 180
- Ommiad dynasty, 180, 198
- Oporto, County of, 303
- Optics, 386, 389
- Orestes, 86
- Orange, 33
- Ordeal, 51, 205, 447, 469, 478
- Ordination, 439, 443
- Orient and Oriental, 20, 22-23, 46, 54, 63-64, 74, 147, 181-85, 224, 320, 324, 369, 383, 386, 401, 407, 515, 549, 611; and see Asia, China, India, Persia
- Origen, 103
- Orkney Islands, 166, 220, 276, 395
- Orlando Innamorato, 593
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- Orléans, 85, 149, 267, 366, 376, 510; siege of, 527-28; House of, 525-26, 625, 636
- Orleanists, 525-26
- Ormuz, 551
- Orosius, 96, 222
- Orphans, 185, 540, 515; and see Wardship
- Or San Michele, 603
- Osma, 448
- Osman, 554
- Ostrogoths, see East Goths
- Other-worldliness, 64, 100, 109, 412, 414
- Otranto, 559
- Otto I, or the Great, Holy Roman Emperor, 228, 260-63, 265, 280, 285, 305, 308, 374
- Otto II, 265, 375
- Otto III, 265, 329, 375
- Otto IV, of Brunswick, 457, 462-63
- Otto of Freising, quoted, 347-49
- Ottocar II, King of Bohemia, 537-38, 552, 559
- Ottoman Turks, 553-59, 607-08
- Outlawry, 51-52, 503, 534
- Ouvriers, 331
- Overlordship, see Feudalism, Kings, Papacy
- Oviedo, 273
- Oxford, University of, 389, 563-64; Provisions of, 482
- Oxus River, 140
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- Pachomius, 110-11
- Padua, 352, 354, 561, 580, 603-04
- Paganism, survival of, 95, 105-06, 114, 116, 119-20, 125, 134, 308, 385, 392, 592
- Pain, ancient callousness to, 38; Norse contempt for, 217
- Painting, in catacombs, 113; Byzantine, 147-48; monastic, 163, 166; medieval, 426, 432, 448; Renaissance, 587, 597-99, 601-02, 604-07
- Palaces of the Renaissance, 599-600; and see Vatican
- Palatinate of the Rhine, 265, 533, 539
- Palazzo della Ragione, at Padua, 354
- Palermo, 226-27, 303, 383
- Palestine, 98, 150, 322, 405, 468, 605; and see Holy Land
- Pallium, 436
- Palos, 610
- Pamiers, 504
- Pampeluna, 366
- Pandects, see Digest
- Panegyrics, 92, 126
- Pannonia, 53, 69, 75-76, 136, 138, 140
- Pantheism, 62
- Pantheon, 143, 601
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