PUBLIC LAW 101-194—NOV. 30, 1989 103 STAT. 1723 designation under paragraph (1) shall apply to persons referred to in subsection (c)(2)(A)(i) or (iii). '(i) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section— "(1) the term 'intent to influence' means the intent to affect any official action by a Government entity of the United States through any officer or employee of the United States, including Members of Congress; "(2) the term 'participated' means an action taken as an officer or employee through decision, approval, disapproval, recommendation, the rendering of advice, investigation, or other such action; and "(3) the term 'particular matter' includes any investigation, application, request for a ruling or determination, rulemaking, contract, controversy, claim, charge, accusation, arrest, or ju- dicial or othgr proceeding, '(j) EXCEPTIONS.— "(1) OFFICIAL GOVERNMENT DUTIES. —The restrictions con- tained in subsections (a), (c), (d), and (e) shall not apply to acts done in carrying out official duties as an officer or employee of the United States Government or as an elected official of a State or local government. " (2) STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND INSTITUTIONS, HOS- PITALS, AND ORGANIZATIONS.—The restrictions contained in subsections (c), (d), and (e) shall not apply to acts done in carrying out official duties as an employee of— "(A) an gigency or instrumentality of a State or local government if the appearance, communication, or represen- tation is on behalf of such government, or "(B) an accredited, degree-granting institution of higher education, as defined in section 1201(a) of the Higher Edu- cation Act of 1965, or a hospital or medical research organization, exempted and defined under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, if the appearance, communication, or representation is on behalf of such institution, hospital, or organization. "(3) INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS.— The restrictions con- tained in subsections (c), (d), and (e) shall not apply to an appearance or communication on behalf of, or advice or aid to, an international organization of which the United States is a member. "(4) PERSONAL MATTERS AND SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE.— The restrictions contained in subsections (c), (d), and (e) shall not apply to appearances or communications by a former officer or employee concerning matters of a personal and individual nature, such as personal income taxes or pension benefits; nor shall the prohibitions of those subsections prevent a former officer or employee from making or providing a statement, which is based on the former officer's or employee's own specisd knowledge in the particular area that is the subject of the statement, if no compensation is thereby received, other than that regularly provided for by law or regulation for witnesses. " (5) EXCEPTION FOR SCIENTIFIC OR TECHNOLOGICAL INFORMA- TION.— The restrictions contained in subsections (a), (c), (d), and (e) shall not apply with respect to the making of communica- tions solely for the purpose of furnishing scientific or techno- logical information, if such communications are made under procedures acceptable to the department or agency concerned Federal Register, publication.
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