104 STAT. 1388-154 PUBLIC LAW 101-508—NOV. 5, 1990 provided by the State drug use review board on common drug therapy problems, provide for active and ongoing educational outreach programs (including the activities described in paragraph (SXCXiii) of this subsection) to educate practitioners on common drug therapy problems with the aim of improving prescribing or dispensing practices. " (3) STATE DRUG USE REVIEW BOARD.— "(A) EsTABusHMENT.—Each State shall provide for the establishment of a drug use review board (hereinafter referred to as the 'DUR Board') either directly or through a contract with a private organization. "(B) MEMBERSHIP.— The membership of the DUR Board shall include health care professionals who have recognized knowledge and expertise in one or more of the following: "(i) The clinically appropriate prescribing of covered outpatient drugs. "(ii) The clinically appropriate dispensing and monitoring of covered outpatient drugs, "(iii) Drug use review, evaluation, and intervention. " (iv) Medical quality assurance. The membership of the DUR Board shall be made up at least Va but no more than 51 percent licensed and actively practicing physicians and at least Va * * * licensed and actively practicing pharmacists. "(C) ACTIVITIES.—The activities of the DUR Board shall include but not be limited to the following: "(i) Retrospective DUR as defined in section (2)(B). "(ii) Application of standards as defined in section (2)(C). "(iii) Ongoing interventions for physicians and pharmacists, targeted toward therapy problems or individuals identified in the course of retrospective drug use reviews performed under this subsection. Intervention programs shall include, in appropriate instances, at least: "(I) information dissemination sufficient to ensure the ready availability to physicians and pharmacists in the State of information concerning its duties, powers, and basis for its standards; "(II) written, oral, or electronic reminders containing patient-specific or drug-specific (or both) information and suggested changes in prescribing or dispensing practices, communicated in a manner designed to ensure the privacy of patientrelated information; "(III) use of face-to-face discussions between health care professionals who are experts in rational drug therapy and selected prescribers and pharmacists who have been targeted for educational intervention, including discussion of optimal prescribing, dispensing, or pharmacy care practices, and follow-up face-to-face discussions; and "(IV) intensified review or monitoring of selected prescribers or dispensers. The Board shall re-evaluate interventions after an appropriate period of time to determine if the intervention im-
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