107 STAT. 1830 PUBLIC LAW 103-160—NOV. 30, 1993 United States defense programs and capabilities and planned United States defense programs and capabilities; (2) a description of the steps the Secretary of Defense intendjs to take to ensure that any decontrol of dual-use items and technology does not place at risk the technology and defense capability lead that the United States currently enjoys; and (3) a description of the steps the Department of Defense intends to take to mitigate any possible increase in the proliferation threat resulting from decontrol of dual-use items and technology. (c) CONSULTATION.—The report required by subsection (a) shall be prepared in consultation with the Director of Central Intelligence. SEC. 1423. EXTENSION OF LANDMINE EXPORT MORATORIUM. (a) FINDINGS.—The Congress makes the following findings: (1) Anti-personnel landmines, which are designed to maim and kill people, have been used indiscriminately in dramatically increasing numbers siround the world. Hundreds of thousands of noncombatant civilians, including children, have been the primary victims. Unlike other military weapons, landmines often remain implanted and undiscovered after conflict has ended, causing massive suffering to civilian populations. (2) Tens of millions of landmines have been strewn in at least 62 countries, often making whole areas uninhabitable. The Department of State estimates that there are more than 10,000,000 landmines in Afghanistan, 9,000,000 in Angola, 4,000,000 in Cambodia, 3,000,000 in Iraai Kurdisten, and 2,000,000 each in Somalia, Mozambique, and the former Yugoslavia. Himdreds of thousands of landmines were used in conflicts in Central America in the 1980s. (3) Advanced technologies are being used to manufacture sophisticated mines which can be scattered remotely at a rate of 1,000 per hour. These mines, which are being produced by many industrialized countries, were found in Iraqi arsenals after the Persian Gulf War. (4) At least 300 types of anti-personnel landmines have been manufactured by at least 44 countries, including the United States. However, the United States is not a major exporter of landmines. During the 10 years from 1983 through 1992, the United States approved 10 licenses for the commercial export of anti-personnel landmines with a totel value of $980,000 and the sale under the Foreign Military Sales program of 108,852 anti-personnel landmines. (5) The United States signed, but has not ratified, the 1980 Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed To Be Excessively Injurious or To Have Indiscriminate Effects. Protocol II of the Convention, otherwise known as the Landmine Protocol, prohibite the indiscriminate use of landmines. (6) When it signed the 1980 Convention, the United States steted: '^e believe that the Convention represente a positive step forward in efforte to minimize injury or damage to the civiliem population in time of armed conflict. Our signature of the Convention reflecte the general willingness of the United States to adopt practical and reasonable provisions concerning
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