PUBLIC LAW 104-182—AUG. 6, 1996
110 STAT. 1621
(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— (1) Section 1415(d) (42 U.S.C.
300g-4(d)) is amended by striking "1412(b)(3)" and inserting
"1412(b)".
(2) Section 1412(a)(3) (42 U.S.C. 300g -l(a)(3)) is amended by
striking "paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of in each place it appears.
SEC. 103. RISK ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT, AND COMMUNICATION.
Section 1412(b) (42 U.S.C. 300g-l(b)) is amended by inserting
after paragraph (2) the following:
"(3) RISK ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT, AND COMMUNICA-
TION. —
"(A) USE OF SCIENCE IN DECISIONMAKING.— In carrying
out this section, and, to the degree that an Agency action
is based on science, the Administrator shall use—
"(i) the best available, peer-reviewed science and
supporting studies conducted in accordance with sound
and objective scientific practices; and
"(ii) data collected by accepted methods or best
available methods (if the reliability of the method and
the nature of the decision justifies use of the data).
"(B) PUBLIC INFORMATION.— In carrying out this section, the Administrator shall ensure that the presentation
of information on public health effects is comprehensive,
informative, and understandable. The Administrator shall,
in a document made available to the public in support
of a regulation promulgated under this section, specify,
to the extent practicable—
"(i) each population addressed by any estimate
of public health effects;
"(ii) the expected risk or central estimate of risk
for the specific populations;
"(iii) each appropriate upper-bound or lower-bound
estimate of risk;
"(iv) each significant uncertainty identified in the
process of the assessment of public health effects and
studies that would assist in resolving the uncertainty;
and
"(v) peer-reviewed studies known to the Administrator that support, are directly relevant to, or fail
to support any estimate of public health effects and
the methodology used to reconcile inconsistencies in
the scientific data,
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" (C) HEALTH RISK REDUCTION AND COST ANALYSIS. —
"(i) MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS.— W hen Publication.
proposing any national primary drinking water regulation that includes a maximum contaminant level, the
Administrator shall, with respect to a maximum
contaminant level that is being considered in accordance with paragraph (4) and each alternative maximum contaminant level that is being considered pursuant to paragraph (5) or (6)(A), publish, seek public
comment on, and use for the purposes of paragraphs
(4), (5), and (6) an analysis of each of the following:
"(I) Quantifiable and nonquantifiable health
risk reduction benefits for which there is a factual
basis in the rulemaking record to conclude that
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