110 STAT. 3334 PUBLIC LAW 104-275—OCT. 9, 1996 (2) Section 4303(16) is amended by inserting "national" before "emergency". (3) Section 4311 is amended by striking out subsections (b) and (c) and inserting in lieu thereof the following: "(b) An employer may not discriminate in employment against or take any adverse employment action against any person because such person (1) has taken an action to enforce a protection afforded any person under this chapter, (2) has testified or otherwise made a statement in or in connection with any proceeding under this chapter, (3) has assisted or otherwise participated in an investigation under this chapter, or (4) has exercised a right provided for in this chapter. The prohibition in this subsection shall apply with respect to a person regardless of whether that person has performed service in the uniformed services. "(c) An employer shall be considered to have engaged in actions prohibited— "(1) under subsection (a), if the person's membership, application for membership, service, application for service, or obligation for service in the uniformed services is a motivating factor in the employer's action, unless the employer can prove that the action would have been taken in the absence of such membership, application for membership, service, application for service, or obligation for service; or "(2) under subsection (b), if the person's (A) action to enforce a protection afforded any person under this chapter, (B) testimony or making of a statement in or in connection with any proceeding under this chapter, (C) assistance or other participation in an investigation under this chapter, or (D) exercise of a right provided for in this chapter, is a motivating factor in the employer's action, unless the employer can prove that the action would have been taken in the absence of such person's enforcement action, testimony, statement, assistance, participation, or exercise of a right. "(d) The prohibitions in subsections (a) and (b) shall apply to any position of employment, including a position that is described in section 4312(d)(1)(C) of this title. ". (4) Section 4312 is amended— (A) in subsection (a), by striking out "who is absent from a position of employment" and inserting in lieu thereof "whose absence from a position of employment is necessitated"; (B) in subsection (c)— (i) by striking out "section 270" in paragraph (3) and inserting in lieu thereof "section 10147"; and (ii) in paragraph (4)— (I) by striking out "section 672(a), 672(g), 673, 673b, 673c, or 688" in subparagraph (A) and inserting in lieu thereof "section 688, 12301(a), 12301(g), 12302, 12304, or 12305"; (II) by amending subparagraph (B) to read as follows: "(B) ordered to or retained on active duty (other than for training) under any provision of law because of a war or national emergency declared by the President or the Congress, as determined by the Secretary concerned;";
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