02 STAT.] 80TH CONG. , 2D SESS.-CH. 625 -JUNE 24, 1948 (b) The Congress hereby declares that an adequate armed strength must be achieved and maintained to insure the security of this Nation. (c) The Congress further declares that in a free society the obliga- tions and privileges of serving in the armed forces and the reserve components thereof should be shared generally, in accordance with a system of selection which is fair and just, and which is consistent with the maintenance of an effective national economy. (d) The Congress further declares, in accordance with our tradi- tional military policy as expressed in the National Defense Act of 1916, as amended, that it is essential that the strength and organiza- tion of the National Guard, both Ground and Air, as an integral part of the first line defenses of this Nation, be at all times maintained and assured. To this end, it is the intent of the Congress that whenever Congress shall determine that units and organizations are needed for the national security in excess of those of the Regular components of the Ground Forces and the Air Forces, and those in active service under this title, the National Guard of the United States, both Ground and Air, or such part thereof as may be necessary, together with such units of the Reserve components as are necessary for a balanced force, shall be ordered to active Federal service and continued therein so long as such necessity exists. (e) The Congress further declares that adequate provision for national security requires maximum effort in the fields of scientific research and development, and the fullest possible utilization of the Nation's technological, scientific, and other critical manpower resources. AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL STRENGTHS SEC. 2 . Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the authorized active duty personnel strength of the armed forces, exclusive of per- sonnel of the reserve components on active duty for training purposes only, officer candidates, personnel of the armed forces employed in the Selective Service System, and persons paid under the appropri- ations for the Naval Reserve and the Marine Corps Reserve, is hereby established as follows: (1) Of the Army of the United States, eight hundred thirty-seven thousand plus one hundred ten thousand one- year enlistees; (2) of the Navy, including the Marine Corps, the present authorized statutory strength of six hundred sixty-six thou- sand, eight hundred and eighty-two, plus thirty-six thousand one- year enlistees; and (3) of the Air Force of the United States, five hundred two thousand plus fifteen thousand one-year enlistees. The strength herein established for each of the armed forces shall mean the daily average number of persons on active duty therein during the fiscal year. REGISTRATION 605 39 Stat. 166. 10 U.S.C . c.§ 2etuq Supp. I, §6et seq. Ante, pp. 87, 477; Post, p. 643. SEC. 3. Except as otherwise provided in this title, it shall be the duty Age limits of every male citizen of the United States, and every other male person residing in the United States, who, on the day or days fixed for the first or any subsequent registration, is between the ages of eighteen and twenty-six, to present himself for and submit to registration at such time or times and place or places, and in such manner, as shall be determined by proclamation of the President and by rules and regu- lations prescribed hereunder. TRAINING AND SERVICE SEC. 4 . (a) Except as otherwise provided in this title, every male citizen of the United States, and every other male person residing in
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