PUBLIC LAW 96-478—OCT. 21, 1980
94 STAT. 2301
(d) Remedies and requirements of this Act supplement and neither amend nor repeal any other provisions of law, except as expressly provided in this Act. Nothing in this Act shall limit, deny, amend, modify, or repeal any other remedy available to the United States or any other person, except as expressly provided in this Act. SEC. 9. (a) A person who knowingly violates the MARPOL Protocol, Violations and this Act, or the regulations issued thereunder shall, for each viola- ^^"^Q^^^IC tion, be fined not more than $50,000 or be imprisoned for not more 33 USC 1908. than 5 years, or both. (b) A person who is found by the Secretary, after notice and an opportunity for a hearing, to have— (1) violated the MARPOL Protocol, this Act, or the regulations issued thereunder shall be liable to the United States for a civil penalty, not to exceed $25,000 for each violation; or (2) made a false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or representation in any matter in which a statement or representation is required to be made to the Secretary under the MARPOL Protocol, this Act, or the regulations thereunder, shall be liable to the United States for a civil penalty, not to exceed $5,000 for each statement or representation. Each day of a continuing violation shall constitute a separate violation. The amount of the civil penalty shall be assessed by the Secretary, or his designee, by written notice. In determining the amount of the penalty, the Secretary shall take into account the nature, circumstances, extent, and gravity of the prohibited acts committed and, with respect to the violator, the degree of culpability, any history of prior offenses, ability to pay, and other matters as justice may require. (c) The Secretary may compromise, modify, or remit, with or without conditions, any civil penalty which is subject to assessment or which has been assessed under this section. If any person fails to pay an assessment of a civil penalty after it has become final, the Secretary may refer the matter to the Attorney General of the United States for collection in any appropriate district court of the United States. (d) A ship operated in violation of the MARPOL Protocol, this Act, or the regulations thereunder is liable in rem for any fine imposed under subsection (a) or civil penalty assessed pursuant to subsection (b), and may be proceeded against in the United States district court of any district in which the ship may be found. (e) If any ship subject to the MARPOL Protocol or this Act, its owner, operator, or person in charge is liable for a fine or civil penalty under this section, or if reasonable cause exists to believe that the ship, its owner, operator, or person in charge may be subject to a fine or civil penalty under this section, the Secretary of the Treasury, upon the request of the Secretary, shall refuse or revoke— (1) the clearance required by section 4197 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, as amended (46 U.S.C. 91); or (2) a permit to proceed under section 4367 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (46 U.S.C. 313) or section 443 of the Tariff Act 1930, as amended (19 U.S.C. 1443). Clearance or a permit to proceed may be granted upon the filing of a bond or other surety satisfactory to the Secretary. (f) Notwithstanding subsection (a), (b), or (d) of this section, if the violation is by a ship registered in or of the nationality of a country party to the MARPOL Protocol, or one operated under the authority of a country party to the MARPOL Protocol, the Secretary, acting in coordination with the Secretary of State, may refer the matter to that
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