Texan aid, and obtained on November 2d so pronounced a triumph over Colonel Pavon [1] as to alarm the government, the more so as his confederate, Jesus Cárdenas, was laboring in Texas for aid toward the formation of northern Mexican states into a separate republic.[2] Arista was sent against him, and before the close of January 1840 he had practically cleared Nuevo Leon of federalists,[3] and two months later he obtained a decisive victory at Morelos,[4] obliging Canales to take refuge on the other side of the Rio Grande del Norte. Raids and skirmishes continued, however, till November 1st, when Canales formally submitted to the government.[5]
This by no means restored tranquillity, for the federalist troubles were followed by raids on the part of the Indians, encouraged lately as allies, and now taking advantage of the growing hostility between Mexico and Texas, and of the comparatively unprotected border and the secure fastnesses beyond. They penetrated even into San Luis Potosí and Zacatecas, and killed during that southerly raid alone about 300 persons, carrying off over 100 women and children.[6]
- ↑ By treachery, says Bustamante, for Pavon had defeated him on the preceding day, and was negotiating for his submission, when Canales fell upon his unguarded men. Gabinete Mex., i. 213.
- ↑ Including the provinces above the south line of Tamaulipas and Sinaloa, except San Luis Potosí. Cárdenas was aiming for the presidency. Rivera, Hist, Jalapa, iii. 440; Niles' Reg., lviii. 66, 113. Anaya was in the United States agitating for the constitution of 1824.
- ↑ Canales at first held his ground well, although retreating into Monterey with Arista, but he was out-manœuvred, and suffered also in retiring toward Monclova. Vidaurri was defeated on January 30th, near Pellotes.
- ↑ Canales' second, Zapata, was shot. Fully 200 were killed and 180 captured.
- ↑ Surrendering 700 muskets, 158 barrels of powder, and 4 war vessels. For text of armistice, see Bustamante, Gabinete Mex., ii. 43; Diario Gob., Nov. 18, 1839, etc. Molano had formed a similar agreement on Sept. 24th, near Saltillo. The vessels, with 11 guns, were secured for the Texans. Rivera, Hist. Jalapa, iii. 465-6; Pavon, Manif., 1-24; Id., Contest., 1-20, relating to his conduct during the campaign. Nouv. Annales Voy., lxxxvii. 137-8.
- ↑ The Cosmopolita of Jan. 27, 1841, speaks of a raid to Catorce involving 800 victims. For allusions to the raids, see Méx., Mem. Guerra, 1841, 36-9; Mér., Informe Pesquisidora, 1874, 63, 82, etc.; Amada, Garantías, 3-36; Arista, Oficio, 1-46; Contreras, Garantias; Pap. Var., xxxviii. pts 1, 6, Ixxx. pt 17; Wilhelm's Eighth U. S. Infantry, i. 173-4; Nouv. Annales Voy., lxxxvi. 119, etc.; Velasco, Son., 263, etc.; Soc. Mex. Geog. Bolet., vii. 293, 321, xi. 98. These raids extended from Tamaulipas to Sonora, and will be
