render it due obedience by publicly requiring all
your subordinates to recognize and obey it. The
rebels are everywhere using the late anti-Negro
riots in the North—as they have long used your
officers’ treatment of Negroes in the South—to
convince the slaves that they have nothing to hope
from a Union success—that we mean in that case
to sell them into bitter bondage to defray the cost
of the war. Let them impress this as a truth on
the great mass of their ignorant and credulous
bondsmen, and the Union will never be restored—never.
We cannot conquer ten millions of people united in solid phalanx against us, powerfully aided by northern sympathizers and European allies. We must have scouts, guides, spies, cooks, teamsters, diggers and choppers from the blacks of the South—whether we allow them to fight for us or not—or we shall be baffled and repelled.”
A month later, September 22, Abraham Lincoln issued the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. He had considered this step before and his final decision was caused, first, by a growing realization of the immense task that lay before the Union armies and, secondly, by the fear that Europe was going to recognize the Confederacy, since she saw as between North and South little difference in attitude toward slavery.
