we think of the dark and flying slave ship in the
sixteenth century, the expanding plantations of the
seventeenth, the swelling commerce of the eighteenth, or the fight for freedom in the nineteenth.
It was the black man that raised a vision of democracy in America such as neither Americans nor
Europeans conceived in the eighteenth century and such
as
they have
not
even
accepted in the
twentieth century; and yet a conception which
every clear sighted man knows is true and inevitable.
1. Democracy
Democracy was not planted full grown in America. It was a slow growth beginning in Europe and developing further and more quickly in America. It did not envisage at first the man farthest down as a participant in democratic privilege or even as a possible participant. This was not simply because of the inability of the ignorant and degraded to express themselves and act intelligently and efficiently, but it was a failure to recognize that the mass of men had any rights which the better class were bound to respect. Thus democracy to the world first meant simply the transfer of privilege and opportunity from waning to waxing power, from the well-born to the rich, from the nobility to the merchants. Divine
