and his soul-—what of his soul? Bring hither
the slaves of all Africa and let us convert their
souls, this is God’s good reason for slavery. But
convert them to what? to freedom? to emancipation? to being white men? Impossible. Convert
them, yes. But let them still be slaves for their
own good and ours. This was quibbling and good
men felt it, but at least here was a practical path,
follow it.
Thus arose the great mission movements to the blacks. The Catholic Church began it and not only were there Negro proselytes but black priests and an order of black monks in Spanish America early in the 16th century. In the middle of the 17th century a Negro freedman and charcoal burner lived to see his son, Francisco Xavier de Luna Victoria, raised to head the Bishopric of Panama where he reigned eight years as the first native Catholic Bishop in America.
In Spanish America and in French America the history of Negro religion is bound up with the history of the Catholic Church. On the other hand in the present territory of the United States with the exception of Maryland and Louisiana organized religion was practically and almost exclusively Protestant and Catholics indeed were often bracketed with Negroes for persecution. They could not marry Protestants at one time in
