Page:Willich, A. F. M. - The Domestic Encyclopædia (Vol. 3, 1802).djvu/205

ME A terior organs, or strike inward, tJie imminent danger may sometimes be averted, by applying blisters bptli, to ihe arms and 'egs; and briskly rubbing the whole body with warm, j^anncls. The patient's regimen, through- out this disprd^r, ought to be striihliy cooimg. His food should be light, and the drink may consist. of barley-water, balm-tea, infu- sions oi Unseed, or ot'.er dilupnt liquids^ sweeteu,efl with a little hor; ney. When^ tiie malignity of the disorder i.s.hijibducd, ,jt will be ad- visable to atlminister a few gentle laxatives ; and, if it be attended with a debilitating diarrhoea, thi^ may be mitigated by taking a few grains of rhubarb every nioniing, and gentle opiates eytry nigiit. The diet <ihoujld uniformly be light, though aiourishing ; and the patient will also 4svi^"? gJ'cat: benefit from irequent .^^rcise in the comitry air. jM^ASU.i^Ej.in a legal apd com- mercial sense, . denotes a certain pj'oportion or quantity of any com- modily, wlre!l)er dry or liquid, that js bought, spld, valued, ^c. . , . Measures vary according to the different kinds and dimensions of the respective articles. Hence they are, in general, either longitudinal, which relate to lengths ; or cubi- cal, that is, solid measures, for bo- dies and their capacitif;s. Of both we shall give a concise account j as our work would othcrv.ise be in- complete. I. Long JNIeasukk, The smallest nominal part of t|}^ Enghsh long measure, is an 'inch, wlycli is cgmposed of three barley-t qqrns, being the largest and finest that can be sclev:ted frpm ^the ear. Three inches form a .palm ; an equal number of palms make a M E A [1S5 span : l~ span, a foot; I-7 fopt, a cubit; 2 cubits a yard; If of a yard make a pace (consisting of two steps) ; li of a pace, a fothom; 2.f fathoms form a pole; 40 poles,- a furlong ; and S furlongs are com- puted to a mile. II, M^c^W^ of capjacUy for dryi articles. ■ , . ■ 1. For CogRi?. TliP standar4 meas,ure for salt, all kinds of grain, and other dry commodities, is the Winchester gallon, which contains eightpintSjOr 272,; cubicinches: — 2 gallons make a pt ck ; 4 pecks a bushel j and S bushels a quarter.. Four quarters of corn are coraputec( tp a chaldron ; five quarters to a ■wcy, or load ; and ten quarters to a tt)n. 2. For Coal. _ In measuring sea-coal, five peck,s make a bushel y Q bushels, a quarter; 4 quarters, 4 chaldron ; and 21 chaldrons are comi.'uted to a score. III. Liquid Measure. The English liquid measiir^;^ were originally established on tliq b;>sis of Troy-weight : it having been enacted by several statutes, that eight pounds troy of wheat (the grain? of which have been se- lected from the middle of the ear, and well dried,) should weigh a gallon of zcine measure ; and that, the divisions and sub>livi.^ions of th.e latter should form the decreas- ing smaller proportions. Itwasfar- liicr provided, that one liquid mea- sure was to be unifoimly adoptetT throughout die king-^^m. Cus- tom, however, has prevailed, and a.new weight, namely. Avoirdu- pois (which see), was introduced;, §Pi t|jat a secpud stand ijrd gallon ha.s been adjusted,' to the old ouCj, which it exceeds in the same prp-. portion as the avjoirdupois does th^ trpy weight, t^rom this standardj^ two