Page:Willich, A. F. M. - The Domestic Encyclopædia (Vol. 4, 1802).djvu/439

CAR be a certain criterion, that the canker is not completely extirpat- ed : it will, therefore, be neces- sary to repeat the operation as speedily as possible ; for, if these defeats be suffered to remain, the whole tree will be overspread with canker and gum ; so that it must speedily perish. Apple-trees are peculiarly liable to this distemper ; in consequence of which their value, together with that of their fruit, is greatly dimi- nished. To prevent the total loss of the trees, Dr. Darwin suggests the ingenious expedient of reno- vating the diseased bark, by paring its edges to the quick, and care- fully adapting a piece of sound bark taken from a healthy tree of inferior value ; the whole being secured with a flannel roller, or other elastic band'age. CAOUTCHOUC— An elastic substance resembling that imported from South America, is now pre- pared from the Caoutchouc- Fine, or Urceola elastica, a native of tlic Prince of Wales's Island, in the East Indies. On wounding the bark of this plant, a milky fluid exudes ; which, on exposure to the air, separates into an elastic coagulum, and a watery liquid. — The former possesses all the pro- perties of the common India lub- ber, and may now be procured from our Indian Colonies. CARP is the most valuable of the tinny tribe, for stocking ponds, on account of its speedy growth, and uncommonly rapid increrise : the sale of these fish is a source of considerable profit to landed pro-e prietors on the Continent j and, if the rearing of them were better understood and practised in the Hiarshy parts of this country, they CAR [405 would amply repay every expence and trouble, thus bestowed. The most proper situations for carp- ponds, are those surrounded by rich pastures, or corn-fields, having soft springs on the spot, or being at least in the vicinity of pure run- ning water: they should be ex- posed to the sun, and sheltered from the eastern and northerly winds. s Those persons who propose to breed carp on a large scale, ought, in the opinion of the Hon. Rogek NoETH, to be provided with three reservoirs, namely : 1 . A Spawn- hig pond, which should be cleared' of all rapacious fish, and other ani-> mals ; 2. A nursery, intended foi' the reception of the young carp, which should be removed from the spawning pond, in the month of March or April ; and, 3. The main-'. ponc^, whicliis designed for such fish as exceed 12 inches in length. The best carp for breeding, are those from 5 to 7 years old, with long bodies, fine full eyes and scales, without any blemish , or wound : three or four such male fish, with six or eight females, will be sufficient to stock a pond one acre in extent ; they should be conveyed thither on a fine calm day, toward the end of March, or early in April. One thousand, or twelve hundred, young fish may conveniently inhabit a nursery oi'SL similar capacity 5 but,, when they are first put in, it will be necessary to watch and drive them away from the sides, lest they become, the prey of rapacious birds. The most favourable seasons for stojcking main-ponds, are. the spring an^ au- tumn } when a space, of 15 square feet (perhaps four cubic feet), > will be sufficient for each carp ; ^.thc D d 3 grow^U^.