Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Percy, Henry (d.1659)
PERCY, HENRY, Lord Percy of Alnwick (d. 1659), younger son of Henry Percy, ninth earl of Northumberland [q. v.], was educated at a school at Isleworth, under a certain Mr. Willis, and at Christ Church, Oxford (Fonblanque, House of Percy, ii. 368; Foster, Alumni Oxon. 1st ser. p. 1146). Percy represented Marlborough in the parliament of 1629. On 21 March 1631 he unsuccessfully applied for the post of secretary to the chancellor of the exchequer (Report on Lord Cowper's MSS. i. 428). Strafford designed to appoint him captain of a company in the Irish army, but the influence exerted for Lorenzo Cary frustrated the intention (Strafford Letters, i. 128, 138). As a courtier Percy was more fortunate; he obtained great influence with the queen, and employed it to further the interests of his brother, the Earl of Northumberland, and his brother-in-law, the Earl of Leicester (ib. i. 363; Collins, Peerage; Sydney Papers, ii. 506, 527, 642). In March 1633 Percy acted as Lord Weston's friend in the quarrel between him and the Earl of Holland (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1633–4, x. 12). His favour, however, continued to increase; in November 1639 he was appointed master of the horse to the Prince of Wales, and on 6 June 1640 he was appointed captain and governor of Jersey for life (Collins, Peerage (Brydges), ii. 344, Sydney Papers, ii. 620).
In the Short parliament Percy represented Portsmouth, and in the Long parliament the county of Northumberland. He was one of the originators of what was termed the ‘first army plot’ in March 1641, but according to his own story simply designed to procure a declaration from the army in support of the king's policy, and was innocent of the plan to bring it up to London in order to put force on the parliament. When the plot was discovered he endeavoured to fly to France, was set upon and wounded by the country people in Sussex, and remained for some time in hiding. To facilitate his own escape, he was induced to write a letter to his brother, giving an account of the conspiracy, which furnished the popular leaders with conclusive proof of the reality of the design, and was held by the royalists to be a treacherous betrayal of his duty to the king (Clarendon, Rebellion, iii. 223, 228; Rushworth, iv. 255). The sole punishment inflicted upon him for his share in the plot was his expulsion from the House of Commons, which took place on 9 Dec. 1641 (Commons' Journals, ii. 337; Evelyn, Diary, ed. Wheatley, iv. 75).
Percy retired to France, but at the outbreak of the war made himself useful to Queen Henrietta Maria, who employed him as an agent to King Charles, and obtained his restoration to favour. ‘Truly,’ she wrote, ‘I think him very faithful, and that we may trust him.’ Thanks to her support, he became on 22 May 1643 general of the ordnance in the king's army, and was created on 28 June of the same year Baron Percy of Alnwick (Green, Letters of Henrietta Maria, p. 138; Black, Oxford Docquets, pp. 40, 52). A volume of Percy's correspondence as general of the ordnance is preserved in the Bodleian Library (Rawlinson MS. D. 395). He fought at the battle of Cropredy Bridge (29 June 1644), and accompanied the king into Cornwall in his pursuit of Essex; but, having taken part in Wilmot's intrigue to force the king to make peace, he fell into disgrace, and was obliged to resign his command (14 Aug. 1644; Diary of Richard Symonds, p. 54). ‘His removal,’ says Clarendon, ‘added to the ill-humour of the army; for though he was generally unloved as a proud and supercilious person, yet he had always three or four persons of good credit and reputation, who were esteemed by him, with whom he lived very well; and though he did not draw the good fellows to him by drinking, yet he eat well, which in the general scarcity of that time drew many votaries to him, who bore very ill the want of his table, and so were not without some inclination to murmur even on his behalf’ (Rebellion, viii. 98). On 11 Jan. 1645 Percy and two other royalist peers were placed under arrest by the king on the charge of holding correspondence with his enemies and uttering disrespectful speeches, but in reality on account of the persistency with which they urged him to open negotiations with the parliament (Gardiner, Great Civil War, ii. 114). Percy was released a few weeks later, and, having procured a pass from Essex, sought to take ship for the continent. On his way he was taken prisoner by Waller and Cromwell at Andover. Among Percy's party ‘there was a youth of so fair a countenance that Cromwell doubted of his condition, and, to confirm himself, willed him to sing, which he did with such a daintiness that Cromwell scrupled not to say to Lord Percy that being a warrior he did wisely to be accompanied by Amazons, on which that lord in some confusion did acknowledge that she was a damsel; this afterwards gave cause for scoff at the king's party’ (Recollections by Sir William Waller, 1788, p. 125). Percy arrived at Paris at the end of March 1645, and, though the king had cautioned the queen not to trust him too much, was speedily as great a favourite with Henrietta as before (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1644–5, pp. 372, 390, 483). In March 1648 he was wounded in a duel with Prince Rupert, and in the following October was put under arrest for giving the lie to Lord Colepeper in the presence of the Prince of Wales (Hamilton Papers, i. 178; Whitelocke, Memorials, ii. 423).
As Percy belonged to the queen's party and to the faction of Secretary Long, he is spoken of with great severity in the correspondence of Hyde and Nicholas. They regarded him as an atheist because he favoured Hobbes, and advised Charles II to comply with the demands of the presbyterians or any other party which would undertake to restore his throne. When he was made lord chamberlain and admitted to the privy council, their disgust knew no bounds (Nicholas Papers, i. 172, 213, 285, 293, ii. 18, 20, 113). Hyde, however, was subsequently reconciled to Percy, who brought about a meeting between the queen and the chancellor of the exchequer, and is praised in the ‘History of the Rebellion’ for his economical administration of the king's household (xiv. 89, 93). When Percy thought of making his peace with the Protector, Hyde dissuaded him, and told him that few men were so fit to be about the king's person, or engaged in the counsels likely to carry him home (Cal. Clarendon Papers, iii. 161, 330). He died in France about March 1659 (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1658–9, pp. 115, 335, 562).
[Authorities cited in the article; De Fonblanque's House of Percy, ii. 368, 430; Collins's Peerage, ed. Brydges.]