Translation:Tolkappiyam/Coalescences, Elisions and addition

by Tolkappiyar

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• Source in Tamil

The first numbers at the end of the each translation of the verse denote the serial number of the verse of the section and the succeeding second one denotes the serial number of the verse of the chapter of source-book.

30 verses

First section, verses 144 to 173

Translation

Coalescences, based on succeeding words

• Phonemes [ng], [nj], [n”] and [m] appear before the succeeding words having initial phoneme [k], [s], [th] and [p] 144/1
• Succeeding words with the initial phoneme [nj], [n”], [m], [y] and vowels do not change after the preceding word ending in either vowel or consonant. 145/2
• Among them initial soft consonants of succeeding word may double before. 146/3
• The preceding word ending with the consonants [n’] and [n] do not change before the succeeding verbs having the initial phoneme [nj] or [y]. 147/4
• All the words having any initial phoneme (22 defined before) do not change in non-case coalescence. 148/5
• Even in case-coalescence there is no change between preceding and succeeding words, except the succeeding word with the initial of hard-consonants. 149/6
• Endings [l] and [n] before the beginnings [th] and [n”], the initial phonemes [th] and [n”] in the succeeding word change to [r’’ and [n] respectively. 150/7
• After [n’] and [l’] they change [t] and [n’] respectively. 151/8

Coalescences, based on preceding words

• Preceding imperative verbs do not change even before hard consonants, but may have augmentation of succeeding hard consonants. 152/9
• Imperative verb ending in [au], words with ending phonemes [nj], [n”], [m] and [v] and words ending in shortened-[u] – all these do not change even before the words of initial hard-consonants. 153/10
• Names denting human-class irrespective of endings, either vowel or consonant, and irrespective of sense-coalescence either case or non-case, assimilate with the succeeding word without change. 154/11
• Among them words ending with [i] may change in certain cases. 155/12
• Names designate both human-class and non-human-class stand without change in coalescence in certain cases. 156/13
• Words, whether they end in vowel or consonant, in instrumental-case, stand in their nature or augmentation. 157/14

Coalescences, case basis

• Words in accusative-case differ in coalescence: stand with hard-consonants where should be with soft-consonants; stand with hard where should be hard; change where they should be unchanged; vowel eliding where they should come with additional vowel; elide where they should have empty-morpheme; stand with case-morpheme along with empty-morpheme; augmentation with empty-morphemes; change after the names of human-class; do as before after the names of dual-class; without change where they should be with additional phoneme; etc. 158/15
• Words with [i] and [ai]-end assimilate in coalescence of change, non-change and augmentation. 159/16
• Demonstrative words with the final phoneme [i], interrogative words with that of, initial lengthened interrogative words with [ai]-ending, interrogative word with [y]-initial and [ai]-ending, - standing preceding-word assimilate in coalescence of adding-consonants and augmentation. 160/17
• The disappearance of consonant before long-phoneme and doubling of consonant before short phoneme are nature in coalescence. 161/18
• Words with possessive-case and ablative-case never double as above. The case-morpheme of ablative-case ([in]) elides its initial and that of possessive-case elides its final. 162/19
• The word ‘n”um’ with the short-phoneme as initial, never doubles as said above. It assimilate with initial-eliding morpheme of possessive-case. 163/20
• The ending consonant [u] in preceding-word having coalescence with the word, that has the phoneme [yaa] will not change. 164/21
• Words denoting measurements of capacity, weight and number followed by their own compound with additional [ee] between them. 165/22
• Word that denotes half (ariai) do not have additional [ee] as above. 166/23
• The succeeding word that denotes fraction (kur’ai) coalescences based on the formula for case-coalescence. 167/24
• The preceding word that ends in shortened-[u] coalesces with the empty-morpheme [in] standing after. 168/25
• The word (‘kalam’) that denotes a kind of capacity of measurement coalesces with the empty-morpheme [athhtu] standing after. 169/26
• The word ‘panai’ that denotes the measurement of dimension and the word ‘kaa’ that denotes the measurement of weight coalesce with the empty-morpheme [in]. 170/27
• All the words those denote the measurement of capacity and weight have nine phonemes of initials: [k], [s], [th], [p], [n”], [m], [v], [a] and [u]. 171/28
• The coalescences defined here are found in usage and be added so. 172/29
• These are the two deviant words: ‘yaar’ instead of ‘yaavar’ and ‘yaavathu’ instead of ‘yaathu’ are in usage. 173/30