User:Languageseeker/Justinian1
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INDEX
/*
Acoemeti, sleepless monks, 282.
Acrobats, 101.
Actresses, at Constantinople, 107;
marriage with, forbidden to senators, etc., 107, 346.
Adule, port of Axume or Abyssinia, 186, 187.
Adultery, punishment of, at Rome, 336.
Agathias, on military decline, 167;
epigram by, 341.
Agentes-in-rebus, Imperial messengers, 143.
Agrippina, mother of Nero, her arrogance, 326.
Agrippina, wife of Germanicus, her courage, etc., 329.
Aimoin on marriages of Justinian and Belisarius, 348.
Alamundar, Arab sheik, his enormities, 312.
Alemannus, his notes on secret history of Procopius, 320.
Allegories of Neoplatonists, 264.
Amantius, chief eunuch, his plots and execution by Justin, 302, 305.
Amida, siege of, 177.
Ammianus, on Papal luxury, 275.
Ambrose, St., opposes Theodosius I, 55.
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Anastasia, sister of Theodora, 338, 345.
Anastasius, Emperor, his coronation, 104;
wars, 175; character, 298.
Anemodulion or Wind-slave, 76.
Animals, draught, humane treatment of, 142.
Anthology, Greek, obscenity of, 341.
Antioch, earthquake at, 317.
Antipodes, Church against, 182, 214.
Antonina, wife of Belisarius, her origin, etc., 348.
Apostles, Twelve, Church of, 79;
credibility of statements as to, 254; authenticity of epistles by, ib.
Apollonius Tyaneus, at Constantinople, 66, 73;
character of, 245, 274.
Apparitors, officers of provincial judges, 149.
Arches, triumphal, at Constantinople, 33, 69, 72, 73, 77, 78.
Arians, at Nice, 276;
Gothic, 79, 279,[**.]
Aristippus, his Cyrenean philosophy, 239.
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/*
Aristotle, his scientific work, 239;
on slavery, 115; on women, 322; on abortion, 343.
Army, Byzantine, 165, sqq.
Artemisia I and II, queens of Caria, 322.
Art-schools, 224.
Aspirate, abuse of, at Rome, 126.
Athenais or Eudocia, Empress, 108, 230.
Atomic theory of Epicurus, etc., 284.
Augustine, St., his early life, 207;
on prostitution, 331.
Aurelius, Marcus, his ethics, 241;
persecutes Christians, 251.
Bakeries, public, 82;
at Rome, kidnapping for, 337.
Banduri, anon. Patria of, 23.
Baptism, early form of, 112.
Basil the Great, founder of monasteries, etc., 209, 282.
Baths, public, 57;
mixing of sexes in, 116, 340.
Beazley, on early trade, 185.
Beylié on Byzantine houses, 24.
Belisarius, first appearance as a general, 316;
marriage of, 348.
Bema or chancel in Greek church, 55.
Berenice, queen, her crime, 324;
her fate, 325.
Berytus, seat of law-school, 218.
Bigg on Platonists at Alexandria, 262.
Blachernae, region and palace of, at Constantinople, 26, 81.
Blemmyes or Nubians, emerald mines worked by, 189.
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/*
Blues and Greens, factions of Circus, 22, 98, 298.
Books at Constantinople, public, 58, 208;
private, 118.
Bosphorus, Thracian, 7, 9, 12.
Bryce on life of Justinian by Theophilus or Bogomil, 320.
Buckler, elevation of emperor on, 105.
Bury on Byzantine economics, 198, 201.
Byzantium, foundation of, 3;
vocal walls of, 7; character of inhabitants of, 84.
Byzantinische Zeitschrift, 361.
Byzas, founder of Byzantium, 3, 48.
Caecina, his motion against wives of provincial governors, 329.
Caenis, concubine of Vespasian, 336, 346.
Candidates, Imperial guards, 50, 167.
Cassius, Dion, on old Byzantium, 6;
on Vespasian's parsimony, 336.
Cavades or Kavádh,[** Kavadh] king of Persia, 176, 313.
Cethegus and Precia, 335.
Ceylon, ancient trade at, 186.
Chain of Golden Horn, 40.
Chalcedon, foundation of, 3;
council of, 277, sqq.
Chalke, palace at Constantinople, 49.
Charity, public, at Constantinople, 81.
China and silk trade, 193.
Chosroes or Nushirvan, prince of Persia, 314.
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/*
Chrysargyron, tax on petty trade, 154;
abolition of, 155, 201.
Chrysoceras or Golden Horn, 4, 12, 38.
Chrysopolis or Scutari, 80 (map).
Chrysostom on luxury of Byzantines, 87, 113, sqq.;
on immorality of, 112, 121.
Churches, Greek, 55;
conduct in, 112.
Circus or Hippodrome, 60, 97, sqq.
Cisterns at Constantinople, 173, sqq.
Cleopatra, sister queens so named, their crimes, 324.
Clergy, trade duty free to, 155, 293.
Codicils or Imperial commissions, 93.
Codinus on antiquities of Constantinople, 23, etc.
Coinage of Byzantium and Constantinople, 122.
Colchis or Lazica, relations of Empire with, 312, 316.
Columns at Constantinople, 48, 69, 72, 78, 80.
Coma Berenices, 325.
Comito, sister of Theodora, 338, 345.
Consistorium, Imperial council, 144.
Constantine the Great founds Constantinople, 10, 13, 85;
establishes Christianity, 15, 270.
Consul, installation of, 109.
Cornelia, wife of Pompey, her learning, etc., 326.
Cosmas Indicopleustes, his travels, etc., 182, 187, etc.
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/*
Cost of commodities, etc., 123;
of slaves, 115.
Costume at Constantinople, 85, sqq.
Councils, Oecumenical, 276, sqq.
Creeds, Christian, elaboration of, 275.
Crescent, chosen emblem of Byzantines, 6.
Cresollius on sophists and voice culture, 208, 214.
Crowns, Byzantine, 91.
Crusades, effects of, 293.
Cyclobion, a fort at Constantinople, 25.
Cynane, daughter of Philip of Macedon, her warlike exploits, 322.
Cynic philosophers, 238, 241.
Daphne, palace at Constantinople, 51.
Dardania, site of Taor and Bader, 299.
Débidour, his defence of Theodora, 342.
Decurions in local government, 148;
captains of silentiaries, 52.
Demes, factions of Circus, 22, 98, 298.
Diehl, his work on Justinian, v, 345.
Dion Cassius. See Cassius.
Diptychs, consular, 110, 227.
Dome or cupola, introduction of, 25, 225.
Ducange on Christian Constantinople 24, etc.
Earthquakes in Eastern Empire, 13, 317.
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/*
Emperor, Byzantine, dress of, 89;
portraits of, 42.
Epicurus, his philosophy, 239, 284;
and Leontium, 332.
Eucharist, early method of administering, 112.
Eugenius, tower and gate of, 39, 40.
Eunuchs, origin of, 133;
in Byzantine Empire, ib.
Euphemia, Empress, her change of name, 301, 304;
opposes Justinian's marriage, 347.
Euripus of Circus, 62, 64.
Eurydice, daughter of Cynane, her war against Olympias, 323.
Eusebius, his "Church History," 290.
Evagrius on abolition of chrysargyron, 154;
on monks, 281.
Evans on Illyrian antiquities, 299, 300.
Evolution, nature and prospects of, 285, sqq.
Exokionion, region of Constantinople, 78, 79.
Exposure of infants, 242;
prohibited at Thebes, ib.
Filelfo of Ancona, his letters on later Byzantine manners, 116;
on preservation of classical Greek, 126.
Financial officials, bureaucrats, 152, 161;
surveyors and assessors, 150, sqq.; collectors, 158, sqq.
Fish, plenty of, at Constantinople, 4, 84;
miraculous creation of, 253.
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/*
Foederati, foreign mercenaries, 169, 170.
Follis, coin and sum, uncertainty about, 100, sqq.
Forum, of Constantine, 69;
Imperial or Augusteum, 49; Strategium, 70; of Theodosius I or Taurus, 71, sqq.; Amastrianum, 77; of Arcadius, 77; of Honorius, 80.
Fountains, sacred, at Constantinople, 26, 27, 38.
Galen, his works, 221.
Gallienus, his connection with Byzantium, 9, 48.
Galton on Inquisition, 293.
Gates of Constantinople, 31;
Caspian or Caucasian, Golden, 33.
Gieseler, Church History of, 249, 251, etc.
Gladiators, abolition of, 67, 241.
Godefroy (or Godfrey), Theodosian code by, 42, 160, et passim.
Golden Gate of Constantinople, 33.
Golden Horn or Chrysoceras, 4, 12, 38.
Gospels, credibility of, 253.
Governors of provinces, Rectors or judges, 148.
Greek churches, decoration of, 55, 227.
Greek learning, introduction of, at Rome, 205, sqq.
Greens and Blues, factions of Circus, 22, 98, 298.
Gregory of Nazianzus on military
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/* dragons, 168;
on furore at Circus, 108; on theatre, 339.
Gregory of Nyssa on female education, 229;
on popular theology, 280.
Grosvenor on antiquities of Constantinople, 4, 24, 41, 48, etc.
Guards, Imperial, 50, 167;
private, 171.
Gyllius on antiquities of Constantinople, 4, 5, 24, 33, etc.
Halicarnassus, mausoleum at, 322.
Harbours of Byzantium, 7;
of Constantinople, ib.; of Theodosius, or Eleutherium, 36; of Julian, ib.; of Bucoleon, 37; of Neorion or Golden Horn, 39.
Hardouin, Cardinal, on forgery of ecclesiastical works, 256, 282.
Harpalus, his monuments to a hetaira, 335.
Hebdomon, a suburb seven miles from Milion, 319.
Hefner-Alteneck on costume, 91;
on family of Theodora, 342.
Hetairas or courtesans, their manners, etc., 115, 329, sqq.
Hierocles against Christians, 274.
Hills, seven, of Constantinople, 10, 11;
of Rome, ib.
Hippalus, a navigator, discovers the monsoons, 184.
Hippodrome or Circus, description of, 60, 97;
exhibitions in, 100; records kept under, 67, 72.
Hodgkin on silentiaries, 52.
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/*
Hormisdas, palace of, 37;
occupied by Justinian, 309.
Huns, Attila and, 21;
Persia and, 176, 178; Romans and, 313.
Hymn-singing in church, 111;
in open air, 97.
Hypatia, her murder, etc., 207, 230.
Iamblichus, his philosophy, 264.
Iberia or Georgia, relations of Empire with, 315.
Iconostasis, image-screen in Greek church, 55.
Infant exposure, 242.
Ink, Imperial purple, 93.
Inquisition, effects of, in Spain, 293.
Inscriptions on gates of Constantinople, 32, 34;
on codicils, 93; solution of, 94.
Irenarchs or rural police, 144, 203.
Irene, church of, at Constantinople, 56.
Isambert, his work on Justinian, v, 308.
Isaurians, character of, 172;
war with, 175.
Isidore of Seville, his "Etymologies," 212;
on eunuchs, 133; on astronomy, 216.
Isocrates, his ethics, 241.
Jerome on female education, 230.
Jesus, life of, 245, sqq,[** .];
its credibility, 253.
John of Antioch on military decline, 167;
on Justin, 301.
John of Ephesus on Theodora, 345.
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/*
John Lydus on Circus, 63, 99, 101, 102;
on Anastasius, 299.
Julian, Emperor, his character, etc., 271, 280.
Justin, Emperor, his birth and success, 300, sqq.;
his accession to the throne, 302.
Justinian, Emperor, birth, education, and adoption by Justin, 301, sqq.;
his consulship and diptychs, 308; his marriage, 344, sqq.
Juvenal on unbelief at Rome, 244;
on Messalina, 342.
Kathisma, Imperial seat in Circus, 61, 97.
Khosr, Chosroes, or Nushirvan, prince of Persia, 314.
Kobad, Cavades, or Kavádh, king of Persia, 176, sqq., 313.
Kondakoff on Byzantine art, 225, 228.
Lais, a courtesan, her tomb, 334.
Lamia, a courtesan, a temple to, 335.
Latin language, use of in East, 125.
Law, intricacies of, etc., 219, sqq.
Law schools at Berytus, etc., 218, sqq.
Law students, grades of, 219;
ill conduct of, 207.
Lazica or Colchis, relations of Empire with, 312, 316.
Leaena, a courtesan, her monument, 334.
Leontium, a courtesan, and Epicurus, 332;
her writings, ib.
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/*
Lethaby and Swainson on St. Sophia, 55.
Libanius, sophist, method of training scholars, 211, 214;
on decurions, 197.
Libraries, public, at Constantinople, 58, 208.
Long wall of Anastasius, 124, 164.
Lucian on sham philosophers, 209;
on manners of hetairas, 115.
Ludewig, his work on Justinian, v;
on Theodora, 342.
Luitprand on gymnastics, 101;
on reclining at meals, 114.
Lupanars or brothels, 75.
Lupicina, later Empress Euphemia, 301, 304, 347.
Magnaura, Imperial reception hall, 56.
Man and beast fights in Circus, 101.
Manganon of Circus, 61;
an arsenal, 48.
Mani and Manichaeans, 267, sqq.;
laws against, 269.
Mansions for relays of post horses, etc., 141.
Marble tower at Constantinople, 35.
Marinus, a painter, illustrates life of Justin, 304.
Marinus, Praetorian Praefect, his extortions, 299.
Marrast on Byzantine gardens, etc,[** .], 53;
on popular theology, 280.
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, 322.
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/*
Megara, a colony of Byzantium, 3, 84;
character of inhabitants of, ib.
Menken, A. I., actress, her career, etc., 340.
Messalina, Empress, wife of Claudius, her debauchery, 342.
Milion, official milestone at Constantinople, 59.
Moat at Constantinople, 27.
Monasteries, origin of, 280, sqq.
Money of Byzantium, 123;
of Constantinople, 122.
Monks, origin of, 280, sqq.;
acoemeti or sleepless, 78, 282.
Monophysites at Chalcedon, 278;
persecution of, 306.
Monsoons, discovery of, 184.
Montez, Lola, actress, her career, 333, 340.
Mordtmann on antiquities of Constantinople, 15, 24, et passim.
Mosheim, Church history of, 276.
Mythology, comparative, 235.
Narthex, vestibule of Greek church, 55, 111.
Neander, Church history of, 252, 282.
Neoplatonists, philosophy of, 261, sqq.
Nicopolis, a courtesan, leaves her fortune to Sulla, 335.
Nöldeke, history of Persians and Arabians by, 176.
Notitia, official guide to civil and military service of Empire, 23, 93, et passim.
Nude model, facilities for studying in Greece, 226.
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/*
Nushirvan or Chosroes, prince of Persia, 314.
Obelisk in Hippodrome, 63.
Olympias, mother of Alexander, her war, etc., 323.
Oman on art of war, 168, 174.
Pachomius, founder of monasteries, 282.
Paederasty, prevalence of, 120.
Palace, Imperial, of Constantinople, 49, sqq.
Panaetius, a Stoic philosopher, his ethics, 241.
Paspates on antiquities of Constantinople, 2, 24, 28, etc.
Pavement, the, at Constantinople, 69.
Pearl, Cora, a courtesan, her career, etc., 332, 334.
Pericles and Aspasia, 331.
Peripatetic philosophers, 238.
Phila, wife of Demetrius Poliorcetes, her character and temple, 324.
Photius, son of Antonina, 348.
Physicians, public, at Constantinople, 82, 88.
Placidia Galla, Empress, her sovereignty, 51, 327.
Plagiarism, habitual, of Byzantine writers, 228.
Plancina and Germanicus, 329.
Plato on education, 217;
on cosmogony, 258, sqq.
Pliny on early Christians, 249.
Plotinus, founder of Neoplatonism, 261, sqq.
Poll tax, 152.
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/*
Polybius on unbelief at Rome, 244.
Pompeius, nephew of Anastasius, 305.
Pompey the Great, his wife, 326;
his pillar at Constantinople, 48.
Popes, ostentation of, 275.
Population of Constantinople, 123.
Porch, Royal, at Constantinople, 58.
Porphyry, a Neoplatonist, his philosophy, 263.
Portia, wife of Brutus, wounds herself, 326.
Posts, public, of Empire, 141.
Praetorium, government house in provinces, 148.
Precia, a courtesan, rules Cethegus and Rome, 335.
Primitive races, extinction of, by civilization, 296.
Priscian on grammar, etc., 213;
a centenarian, ib.
Processions, Imperial, 95, 319.
Procopius first appears in history, 316;
his "Secret History," 339.
Professors officially appointed, 205, sqq.;
salaries of, 210.
Prostitution, 329, sqq., 337.
Prostration before emperor, 52, 92, 133.
Public shows, expenses of, 100.
Purple, imperial, laws as to, 191.
Puteoli, hydraulic cement of, 41.
Pythagoras, philosopher, on numbers, 215;
on music, 216.
Pythionice, a courtesan, her monuments, 335.
Quintilian on education, 211.
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/*
Rabutaux on mediaeval prostitution, 337.
Rectors or provincial governors, 148;
extortions of, 198.
Reformation, the, 294.
Renaissance, the, 294.
Rhetoricians or sophists, their teaching, 211, 212, sqq.;
affectation of, 208.
Roads, Roman, 141.
Roi des Ribauds[** Ribauds? png357], intendant of palace courtesans, 337.
Rome, fall of, 20.
Salaries of professors, 210.
Salonina, wife of Caecina, her arrogant display, 328.
Sampson, hospital of, 56.
Scamander river, anecdote of, 330.
Schools of art, 224.
Semantron, call to church, 110.
Senate-houses, 56, 70.
Senate of Constantinople, 146;
Constantine and, 19; Julian and, 146.
Serpent column in Hippodrome, origin of, 63;
destruction of, 64.
Seven hills at Constantinople, 10, 11;
at Rome, ib.
Seven towers at Constantinople, 34.
Severus, Emperor, at Byzantium, 8.
Ships, capacity of ancient, 161, 184.
Siedeliba or Ceylon, trade at, 186, 187.
Sigma or crescent at Constantinople, 33, 60.
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/*
Silk, mercantile routes from China for, 185, 193.
Silphium, a pot-herb, land of, 192.
Slave of Winds or Anemodulion, 76.
Soaemias, mother of Elagabalus, her character and conduct, 327.
Socrates, Church historian, 290, etc.
Socrates, philosopher, his ethics, 238, 240;
visits Theodote, 332.
Sophists or rhetoricians, their teaching, 212, sqq.;
affectation, 208.
Spiritualism, ancient and modern, 257, sqq., 263.
St. Sophia, old church of, 55.
Statues, public, multitude of, 61.
Steps, public rations served from, 80.
Stoics, their ethics, 238, 264, 286.
Streets at Constantinople, 42, 46.
Strzygowski, his researches on the Golden Gate, 34, 362;
on cisterns, 362.
Studius, monastery of, 78, 280.
Stylites or pillar-saints, 281.
Suburbs of Constantinople, 124.
Sycae, now Galata, 39, 80.
Tabari, translation of, by Nöldeke, 176;
by Zotenberg, ib.
Taurus, square of, 71.
Taxes, ways of levying, 149, sqq.
Theocritus aspires to purple, 302;
executed by Justin, 306.
Theodora, origin and career of, 337;
her reformation, 344; marriage, etc., 347.
Theodoric the Goth, 178, 310.
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/*
Theodosius I, his laws against Pagans, 274, 277.
Theodote, a courtesan, Socrates visits, 332.
Theodotus, P. U., opposes Justinian, 309.
Thomas, a silentiary, plunders fugitives at Antioch, 318.
Throne, Byzantine, 50.
Titles of honour, 96.
Torture, taxes enforced by, 200.
Towers at Constantinople, 28, 29, 40.
Trade routes, 184, sqq.
Trajan, Emperor, and Christians, 250.
Treasury, Imperial, etc., 161.
Tzykanisterion or palace garden, 53.
University or Auditorium of Constantinople, 72, 207, sqq.
Urbicius, chief eunuch, nominates Anastasius for throne, 104.
Vandals in Spain and Africa, 131.
Van Millingen on Golden Gate, 34;
on Bucoleon harbour, 38.
Verina, Empress, wife of Leo I, provokes a revolution against Zeno, 328.
Vespasian and Caenis, 336, 346.
Vigilantia, mother of Justinian, 347;
sister of, 301.
Vigilantius against relic worship, etc., 292.
Vistilia, a noble lady, applies for licentia stupri, 336.
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/*
Vitalian, a general, his revolt, 180;
consulship and murder of, 306, sqq.
Wall, Long, of Anastasius, 124, 164.
Walls of Byzantium, vocal, 7;
of Constantinople, 27, sqq.
Water, public supply of, at Constantinople, 73, 74.
Women at Athens, 321;
at Sparta, ib.; towns named in honour of, 323.
Wood for fuel, brought from Euxine, 40.
Xenophanes, the Eleatic, his philosophy, 238, 251.
Xerolophos, or dry-hill, at Constantinople, 11, 78.
Xylocercus Gate, 31.
Youth, dissoluteness of, 119;
education of, 204, sqq[** .]; legal, 219; for art, 224.
Zachariah of Mytilene, translated by Hamilton and Brooks, 278, 312, etc.
Zeno, Eleatic philosopher, 238.
Zeno, Emperor, his Henoticon, 278;
death of, 103.
Zeno, Stoic philosopher, 238.
Zeugma, a quarter of Constantinople, 40.
Zeuxippus, baths of, at Constantinople, 57.
Zoroaster or Zarathushtra, 268.
Zotenberg, translation of Tabari by, 176.
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ERRATA
P. 11, peninsula; p. 17, n. 1, Frising.; p. 24, note, Beylié; p. 55, n. 3, Lethaby; p. 118, n. 4, Lactant., i, 20; p. 158, n. 3, Berg-[** .?]; p. 188, herd; p. 225, n. 1, cadavérique; p. 256, note, und.
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ADDITIONS
P. 20, n. 1. The date of the dialogue Philopatris has been the subject
of much argument, notably in Byzant. Zeitschrift, vols. v and vi, 1896-7.
It has been placed under Carus, Julian, Heraclius, and John Zimisces. The
matter is unintelligible unless at an early period of Christianity, and I
should be inclined to maintain that interpolations in one or two places
by late copyists (see p. 256) have given it a false semblance of recency.
P. 24, note. John Malala was unknown to Ducange (not having been published till 1691), and hence has been neglected to a great extent by later writers on Byzantine antiquities. He is the earliest authority for much of what is to be found in the later chronographers. According to Conybeare the Paschal Chronicle did not copy Malala, but an original common to both; Byzant. Zeitsch., 1902.
P. 33. There is no record of the building of the Golden Gate, but John Malala (p. 360), says that Theodosius II gilded it, whence the name. Most probably this statement includes the erection of the monument. I am now satisfied that the Golden Gate had no direct connection with Theodosius the Great, but was raised by his grandson to commemorate the overthrow of the usurper John by his generals Aspar and Ardaburius at Ravenna in 425. This is the "tyrant" alluded to ("post fata tyranni"), who had supplanted the infant Valentinian III in the West, afterwards the husband of Eudoxia, daughter of Theodosius II. The victory caused the greatest excitement at CP., of which Socrates (vii, 23) gives a striking account. They were all sitting in the Hippodrome when the news arrived, whereupon the Emperor, with the whole audience, rose up, abandoned the games, marched through the streets singing enthusiastically, and the rest of the day was spent in the churches giving utterance to fervid prayers. It is inconceivable that so tame a couplet could have been composed to celebrate the martial deeds of Theodosius I. The clash of arms would have been heard in any inscription designed to record the achievements of an Emperor who won battles in the field by his own tactics and strategy. But in a generally quiet reign, with the palace under the rule of the women, any decided success would be magnified and the weakling Theodosius II would naturally be associated with the prestige of his grandfather, whose name he bore. The case is one on all fours with that of the great statue in Taurus (erected after a minor Persian war), so skilfully allocated by
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Déthier (see p. 72) and the boastful inscription on it (Gk. Anthol. Plan., iv, 65). The inscription on the Golden Gate was not sculptured, but was composed of metal letters fastened to the stone by rivets. Many of these holes can still be located on the decayed surface. These were first observed by Strzygowski in 1893, and by joining them judiciously the form of the letters originally attached could be made out. The lines ran across the top of the gate, the first verse of the couplet being on the left side, the second on the right. See the monograph by S. on the Golden Gate, Jahrb. d. Kaiser. Deutsche Archæol. Instit., 1893, viii, 1. But the origin of the old Golden Gate in the Constantinian wall remains unsolved; for surmises see Van Millingen.
P. 31. It is highly improbable that the wall of Theodosius ever ran through to the Golden Horn, as, in order to do so, it would have had to cut the parish or region of Blachernae in two. It must have pulled up therefore at the previously existing wall which surrounded that part; see the Notitia, reg. xiv. Hence there must always have been a projecting portion of the fortifications at this end.
P. 37. Van Millingen decides to identify the palace of Bucoleon with that of Hormisdas, as hitherto the building on the wall has been popularly named. This identification now seems to me quite tenable. Both the Anon. and Codinus (pp. 45, 87) mention, in somewhat different terms, the locality of H., and connect it with Port Julian, evidently to the west of the existing ruin. I am satisfied that the latter is really the Bucoleon built by Theodosius II, and that the Hormisdas, which must have been altogether reconstructed by Justinian (Procop., Aedific., i, 10), has quite disappeared. Theodosius could not by any sort of implication be said to have built a house of Hormisdas, who was dead long before he was born. Later this palace (Hormisdas) was diverted to ecclesiastical purposes, became, in fact, a sort of Church House, where meetings were held, and also a hostelry for members of the priesthood when visiting the capital; see pp. 669, sqq. In the latter connection it is often mentioned by John of Ephesus in the work already referred to (p. 345, n. 2).
P. 74. The identification of the Bin bir derek with the cistern of Philoxenus is a mere surmise--a monogram on the columns is said to stand for [Greek: Euge philoxene]! The researches of Forscheimer (and Strzygowski) give a more likely elucidation which, with the Yeri Baian Seraï, a much larger cistern still full of water, will be considered later on. See p. 539 and cf. Lethaby and S., p. 248.
Pp. 78, 319. There were three localities at CP. which might con-*
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- ceivably have been called Hebdomon by the inhabitants: 1. The seventh
of the fourteen parishes of the city as described in the Notitia; 2. The camping ground near Blachernae of the seventh regiment of Gothic mercenaries; 3. A kind of Field of Mars for reviewing the troops situated seven miles from the Milion on the shore of the Propontis. When processions to the Hebdomon are mentioned, it is always the last place which is meant, and there the church of St. John was founded. I do not know whether there is any literary reference to either of the first two localities under that name, but much confusion has been occasioned by the contradictory views of various writers, especially Gyllius and Ducange; see Mordtmann, op. cit., p. 29.
P. 100. The actual sums which it appears that scholars accept as obligatory on three praetors to spend annually for the public shows are respectively £150,000, £120,000, and £90,000, in all £360,000! Under these circumstances it was scarcely worth while for Olympiodorus to mention such a trifle as the 1,200 lb. of gold (£48,000), expended by Probus in his praetorship, unless it was to show how beggarly he was in comparison with his predecessors in office, the least of whom had to disburse under legal compulsion nearly double that amount. It is strange that none of Gibbon's editors has noticed that his "ridiculous four or five pounds" is in reality £57 5s., at his own estimate of the value of the follis (.548d.), viz., 1/2025 of the silver follis or purse, which he makes equal to £6; iii, p. 293 (Bury). I have read somewhere that Sir Isaac Newton could not work the simple rules of arithmetic.
Pp. 252, 274. The evidence for Galerius's edict of toleration and Constantine's Edict of Milan (313) is the same, viz., Lactantius and Eusebius. There is no good reason to doubt the latter. The attitude of Galerius towards Christianity was mere toleration after failure to suppress; Constantine's that of favour and adoption. Every one knew that Galerius would spring again if he got the chance. If C. took up Christianity as one of his religions c. 312, he would naturally, after his victory, issue a manifesto to define his personal policy and inclinations. Too much stress is often laid on the light doubts of recent investigators.
P. 294, n. 2. Since this section on religion was written, two movements on the lines indicated have come to the surface, one a petition by university teachers for more freedom in dealing with the mythological texts in relation to students, the other a similar petition by ministers of the establishment, for the same freedom, with respect to the public. Both failed, but doubtless the tide of rationalism will rise again and again until the desired emancipation be achieved. These are symptoms
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of a readjustment of popular religious beliefs at no distant date, perhaps within a generation or two, a consummation I had not anticipated as likely to occur for centuries to come. But, as the chick emerges suddenly from the egg which immediately before was to all appearances physically unaltered, so sociological revolutions, long brooding beneath the surface, are sometimes fully achieved in a moment of time.
Pp. 345, 348. Were we without the Anecdotes of Procopius we should still know practically all that he has revealed about Theodora. 1. That she was a prostitute, John of Ephesus, Aimoin. 2. That she was in a very lowly condition before her marriage, Codinus. 3. That she was vindictive and cruel when on the throne, Liber Pontificalis, Vigilius. All this evidence is adverted to circumstantially in its proper setting throughout the work.
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