A Treatise on Painting
by Leonardo da Vinci, translated by John Francis Rigaud
Of Attitudes, and the Motions of the Members
4007153A Treatise on Painting — Of Attitudes, and the Motions of the MembersJohn Francis RigaudLeonardo da Vinci

Chap. CLIV.Of Attitudes, and the Motions of the Members.

The same attitude is not to be repeated in the same picture, nor the same motion of members in the same figure, nay, not even in the hands or fingers. And if the history requires a great number of figures, such as a battle, or a massacre of soldiers, in which there are but three ways of striking, viz. thrusting, cutting, or back-handed; in that case you must take care, that all those who are cutting be expressed in different views; some turning their backs, some their sides, and others be seen in front; varying in the same manner the three different ways of fighting, so that all the actions may have a relation to those three principles. In battles, complex motions display great art, giving spirit and animation to the whole. By complex motion is meant, for instance, that of a single figure shewing the front of the legs, and at the same time the profile of the shoulder. But of this I shall treat in another place[1].

  1. Chap. xcvi. and civ.