It has been frequently held that fraud ought not to be presumed, but must be proved. But the evidence of it is almost always circumstantial. Nevertheless, though circumstantial, it produces conviction in the mind often of more force than direct testimony.
It would be a troublesome, as well as an unprofitable task, to examine all the very astute arguments, founded on the large mass of testimony contained in the record, to show that the court below have come to a wrong conclusion. It suffices to say that it sufficiently appears that the evidence before the court fully justified their conclusion.
It is true that mere inadequacy of consideration, unless extremely gross, does not per se prove fraud. But the direct testimony here confirms the fact that Kempner urged the acceptance of his offer to purchase with arguments such as this: 'There is some pretty rough talk in town about you. You had better not delay this matter. You had better let me have the goods and put the money in your pocket, and let the creditors go to the devil.'
The circumstantial evidence amply confirms this direct evidence of fraud.
1st. The false receipts given for full value on Saturday.
2d. The account of stock made out on Sunday.
3d. The removal of the goods into a cellar on Monday.
The defendant's endeavor to prove by experts, that the price given was sufficient, tends only to confirm the correctness of the decree of the Circuit Court, which is
AFFIRMED WITH COSTS.
Notes edit
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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